［Abstract］　The incidence of cardiovascular diseases(CVD) is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) and the prognosis is extremely poor. Understanding the pathophysiological changes in the development of CVD in patients with CKD helps to develop relevant treatment strategies to reduce the high morbidity and mortality. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors of CVD such as diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia in the general population are more common than those in CKD patients, but these factors are still not sufficient to fully explain their increased cardiovascular risks. As renal function declines, uremic toxins accumulating in the body are thought to play a key role in the development and progression of CVD in patients with CKD, and indoxyl sulfate(IS) is one of the most studied enterogenous urinary toxins. In this paper, we review the research progress in the toxic effect of IS on the cardiovascular system.]]> 2019/8/5 16:14:38 TANG Xiao-fang, LIU Hong 5true ［Abstract］　Ursolic acid(UA) and its isomer, oleanolic acid(OA) are one of the pentacyclic triterpenes which are a group of widespread natural compounds. Recently, UA and OA have received great attention on the benefits of prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and associated complications, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, and atherosclerosis. With the development of research, the molecular mechanisms of UA and OA on the treatment of diseases have been gradually expounded. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been an issue of major concern in countries world-wide since it reached the global epidemic levels. Treatments targeting the altered signaling pathways in type 2 diabetes may effectively prevent diabetes and its complications. Natural and derived UA and OA are the potential therapeutic agents to modulate these pathways. We reveal the following findings from in vitro and in vivo studies of these compounds: (1)improving insulin signal and reducing hyperglycemia; (2)reducing oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidants; (3)reducing inflammatory response by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of these therapeutic effects to provide the theoretical basis for application of UA and OA in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and assciated complications.]]> 2019/8/5 16:14:38 XU Li, FAN Qiu-ling 4true ［Abstract］　Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease that invades the connective tissue of the whole body. The lesions often involve multiple systems and organs. The kidneys are the most commonly affected organs. Under normal conditions, clinical diagnosis of SLE and lupus nephritis(LN) should be confirmed firstly, and renal pathology can diagnose and classify LN. However, in clinical practice, there is often a lack of evidence for diagnosis of SLE, and renal pathology is atypical. As a consequence, only a certain secondary glomerular disease can be diagnosed. Several months or years later, the diagnosis will be corrected to SLE after the appearance of systemic involvement. Once an early diagnosis is not made, treatment may be delayed. With the deepening understanding of SLE, the diagnosis of SLE is constantly updated. From the current update, its greatest feature is more conducive to the early diagnosis of SLE. However, for nephrologists, the updated diagnostic criteria for SLE still do not resolve the problems. Without definite clinical evidence and in the absence of renal pathological results suggesting typical LN, can it be classified as LN?]]> 2019/8/5 16:14:38 ZHUO Li 3true ［Abstract］　Objective　To study the effects of TM5275 on the proliferation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix of human mesangial cells induced by transforming growth factor beta 1（TGF-β1）. Methods　Human mesangial cells were cultured in vitro and were divided into control group, model group and intervention group. The proliferation rate of human mesangial cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of PAI-1, a-SMA, fibronectin(FN), Collagen-Ⅳ, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 proteins were detected by Western blot. Results　TM5275 inhibited the proliferation of human mesangial cells induced by TGF-β1 and promoted apoptosis of the cells. Compared with those in the control group, the expressions of PAI-1, a-SMA, extracellular matrix FN and Collagen-Ⅳ induced by TGF-β1 in human mesangial cells in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.05), and TM5275 inhibited those expressions. Compared with those in the control group and the model group, the expressions of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 in the intervention group were significantly increased(P<0.05), but the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was not expressed and could not be detected in the three groups. Conclusion　TM5275 can inhibit the proliferation of human mesangial cells and the expression of extracellular matrix induced by TGF-β1. At the same time,TM5275 can promote the apoptosis of abnormal proliferation of human mesangial cells by inducing the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. It has a potential prospect in the treatment of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.]]> 2019/8/5 16:14:38 HUANG Wen-tan, WU Qiu-xia, PENG Xiao-mei, et al. 2true ［Abstract］　Objective　To explore the clinical significance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D［25(OH)D］ in pathogenesis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN) by analyzing the correlation between serum 25(OH)D and clinical indicators and renal pathology in patients with IMN. Methods　Sixty healthy subjects and 194 IMN patients were enrolled. The 25(OH)D levels and clinical indexes were detected. The pathological data of the first renopuncture in IMN patients were recorded. According to the 25(OH)D levels, the patients were divided into the deficiency group and the insufficiency group. The differences in the clinical and pathological indexes were compared between the two groups, and Logistic regression analysis was used to screen for the factors affecting 25(OH)D. Results　The level of 25(OH)D in the IMN group was significantly lower than that in the healthy group(P<0.01). The amount of 24-hour urine protein(24h UP), the serum creatinine(Cr) value and the glomerular basement membrane(GBM) thickness in the 25(OH)D deficiency group were higher than those in the insufficiency group. The levels of serum albumin(ALB) and hemoglobin(Hb) in the 25(OH)D deficiency group were significantly lower than those in the insufficiency group(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that 24h UP and GBM thickness were the influencing factors of the 25(OH)D level. Conclusion　The 25(OH)D level in the IMN group is significantly lower than that in the healthy group. The 24h UP, GBM thickness may be the main factors affecting the 25(OH)D level of patients with IMN.]]> 2019/8/5 16:14:38 YE Kun, LÜ Xia, WU Qiu-xia 1true