［Abstract］　Congenital severe-extremely severe sensorineural deafness is one of the most common birth defects. Currently, surgical treatment is the main treatment strategy for the deafness, and cochlear implantation(CI) becomes the most important treatment and rehabilitation methods. The advent of CI is undoubtedly a good news for patients with congenital severe-extremely severe sensorineural deafness. Improving the early intervention system also contributes to the safe development of the clinical and research work of congenital severe-extremely severe sensorineural deafness. In this paper, we mainly review the technology, surgical approaches and problems of CI to reduce the risk of CI surgery and obtain better rehabilitation outcomes.]]> 2019/9/30 8:42:00 HAN Dong-yi 5true ［Abstract］　Objective　To explore the value of mastoid and attic obliteration and NasoPore packing in surgical treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma(open tympanoplasty). Methods　Eighty cases of unilateral middle ear cholesteatoma were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The observation group(n=50) underwent mastoid and attic obliteration and NasoPore packing after open tympanoplasty, and the control group(n=30) received open tympanoplasty alone. The differences of ear discharge volume, ear plugging sensation, pure tone threshold and tympanogram after surgery were compared between the two groups. Results　The proportion of the patients in the observation group with the postoperative discharge scores ≤2 points and the proportion of the patients with the air-bone gap ≤2 dB were significantly larger than those in the control group(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the postoperative ear plugging sensation scores ≤2 points and the occurrence of B-shaped curve between the two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion　Mastoid and attic obliteration and NasoPore packing can improve the prognosis of the surgical treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma after open tympanoplasty.]]> 2019/9/30 8:42:00 CHEN Xi-hui, OUYANG Ya-ying, WU Xuan 4true ［Abstract］　Head and neck cancers are common diseases. The commonly used imaging examinations include ultrasound, computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) which are called traditional imaging techniques. These methods can only observe the morphological changes of the tumors, with limitations in understanding the metabolic and biological characteristics of the tumors. With the development of molecular imaging technology and the comprehension of head and neck cancers′ biological characteristics, positron emission tomography(PET), molecular magnetic resonance imaging and molecular ultrasound have been gradually emphasized and applied as practical technologies to diagnose head and neck cancers, for they can show the metabolic changes of head and neck malignancies at the cellular and molecular levels, and help in diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis evaluation and follow-up. This article reviews the recent application advancement of molecular imaging in head and neck malignancies.]]> 2019/9/30 8:42:00 SUN Hui-ying, FENG Guo-dong 3true ［Abstract］　Objective　To analyze the factors affecting the postoperative hearing improvements of the patients with otosclerosis. Methods　The case data of 112 patients with otosclerosis who underwent stapes surgery at our department from June 2010 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The collected data included the patients′ demographics, clinical characteristics, pre- and postoperative audiometric data,size of preoperative air-bone gap(ABG). The patients were divided into two groups according to the postoperative hearing outcomes: excellent group(the patients with a postoperative ABG ≤10 dB HL, n=83) and poor prognosis group(the patients with a postoperative ABG >10 dB HL, n=29). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors affecting the postoperative hearing outcomes. The value of ABG in predicting postoperative hearing recovery was analyzed by receiver operating characteristics(ROC) curve. Results　There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, gender and the affected side(P>0.05). The mean preoperative air conduction(AC) threshold and preoperative ABG in the excellent group were significantly lower than those in the poor prognosis group(P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative and postoperative bone conduction(BC) threshold between the two groups(P>0.05). The preoperative ABG cut-off threshold for the patients with good prognosis was 35.7 dB HL. Conclusion　The preoperative AC threshold and large ABG are poor prognostic factors for the patients with otosclerosis. The functional outcomes in the patients with a preoperative small ABG were similar to those with a preoperative ABG <35.7 dB HL. A preoperative ABG cut-off value <35.7 dB HL might serve as a parameter for predicting surgical success in otosclerosis and seems to be useful in clinical practice.]]> 2019/9/30 8:42:00 WANG Tao, TANG Feng-zhu, QU Shen-hong, et al. 2true ［Abstract］　Objective　To explore the effect of cochlear implantation on auditory and speech performances. Methods　The clinical data of 74 cases(75 ears)of cochlear implantation from July 2011 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The categories of auditory performance(CAP) and speech intelligibility rating(SIR) were used to evaluate the patients′ auditory and speech performances. The effects of the age of the implanted patients, implantation time, cerebral white matter abnormality, inner ear malformation and genetic mutation on auditory and speech rehabilitation were analyzed. Results　The CAP and SIR grading scores of the 1～4 year old group were better than those of the 5～17 year old group and ≥18 year old group(P<0.05), and the CAP and SIR grading scores of the 6～12 months group were lower than those of the 13～24 months group and >24 months group(P<0.05). Cerebral white matter abnormality and gene mutation had no significant effect on CAP and SIR grading(P>0.05). Conclusion　Age of the implanted patients and implantation time have obvious influence on the speech rehabilitation. Cerebral white matter abnormalities have no significant effects on postoperative rehabilitation. The effects of gene mutation phenotypes on auditory and speech performances need to be confirmed by follow-up studies.]]> 2019/9/30 8:42:00 ZHOU Kai, XU Liang, HUANG Lan-cheng, et al. 1true