［摘要］　转移性前列腺癌通过激素剥夺疗法大多可获得良好的治疗效果，然而肿瘤细胞最终产生激素抵抗，对治疗无应答。该研究团队长期致力于探索前列腺肿瘤的激素抵抗的产生机制并寻求新的治疗策略，研究范围主要集中在鉴定新的肿瘤标志物，神经内分泌分化以及肿瘤代谢等方面。该文将综述本课题组最新的几项研究成果，以期加深对前列腺癌进展机制的理解并提出新的治疗策略。]]> 2021/8/6 11:16:11 徐凌凡，William Butler，黄教悌 13true ［Abstract］　The current development of pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) technique in China lags behind that in developed countries, and even lags behind the current development of adult ECMO in China. This paper reviews the current development of pediatric ECMO in China, introduces the indications, contraindications and clinical outcomes of neonatal and pediatric ECMO in circulation, respiratory support and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, respectively, analyzes the existing problems, and puts forward the prospect of future work, hoping to further promote the development of pediatric emergency and critical care medicine in China.]]> 2021/6/3 21:44:38 ZHOU Cheng-bin, GUO Yu-xiong, HU Yan 12true ［Abstract］　With the wide use of invasive mechanical ventilation in clinical practice, a large number of critically ill patients are rescued. However, there are still many patients who use invasive mechanical ventilation but have difficulty in weaning because of various reasons, which seriously affects the prognosis and quality of life of the patients. This paper reviews the relevant pathophysiological issues in patients having difficulty/delay in weaning from mechanical ventilation, elaborates the key points related to difficulty/delay in weaning, summarizes and puts forward the corresponding treatment measures.]]> 2021/5/8 18:36:31 LIU Gang, LIU Shuang-lin, WANG Mei-ju, et al. 11true ［Abstract］　The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) with cognitive impairment is relatively high. It has been confirmed that patients with COPD and cognitive impairment have the possibility of developing dementia. Moreover, the comorbidity of COPD and cognitive impairment causes obstacles to the life of the patients and the disease management of COPD, which deserves attention. Because of its occult incidence, it is easy to be neglected by the clinicians and the patients′ families, which increases the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the research progress of the pathogenesis, effect, screening and evaluation, and treatment of the neglected comorbidity, so as to provide reference for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.]]> 2021/5/8 18:36:31 CHANG Xiao-dan, HUANG Dan-hui, CAI Shao-xi 10true ［Abstract］　Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) is one of the most serious public health challenges in the world. The increasing number of newly infected patients poses various challenges to the prevention and control of the AIDS epidemic in China and even the world. Expanding the scope of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) screening can detect HIV/AIDS as early as possible and provide timely assistance for the HIV/AIDS patients. However, in the process of specific implementation, the compliance of screening population and the social burden brought by mass screening are big problems. This paper elaborates on the compliance and social burden of HIV screening population at home and abroad.]]> 2021/4/2 14:58:34 HAN Jing, MENG Huan, WANG Ya-Jie 9true ［Abstract］　In recent years, the incidence rate of invasive pulmonary fungal infection(IPFI) has increased year by year, and has gradually become one of the important causes of death in the patients. Due to the lack of specificity of clinical manifestations of IPFI, early diagnosis is difficult, and the disease is easy to be masked by the underlying disease, resulting in misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis and delayed treatment. Accurate laboratory diagnosis is the premise and foundation of accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate the diagnostic performance and precautions of commonly used laboratory detection methods for IPFI at present, including direct microscopic examination of specimens, histopathological examination, fungal culture, antigen detection and nucleic acid detection, so as to improve the understanding of clinicians and laboratory staff on the laboratory detection methods for IPFI.]]> 2021/4/2 14:58:34 GUO Peng-hao, LIAO Kang, WU Zhong-wen, et al. 8true ［Abstract］　Ocular infections are common clinical ocular diseases, and especially in developing countries, the incidence of the diseases is relatively high. In China, the incidence of corneal blindness caused by corneal infections is second only to cataract. The clinical presentations and prognoses of infectious diseases of the eyes vary according to the cause and site of infections. Mild ocular infections only cause symptoms of ocular discomfort such as red eyes, itchy eyes and foreign body sensations, whereas severe infections can lead to symptoms such as corneal ulcers, suppurative keratitis, corneal perforations and endophthalmitis, thereby affecting the patients′ visual acuity, and even leading to the risk of blindness and eye enucleation in severe cases. Therefore, it is particularly important to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of ocular infectious diseases. In clinical practice, clinicians and laboratory physicians need to use a variety of inspection methods and detection techniques for rapid etiological diagnosis of ocular infectious diseases, combining with the characteristic clinical signs, in order to achieve precision medical treatment of the diseases. However, due to the particularity of ocular tissue structures, the laboratory technicians in general hospitals are not familiar with the characteristics of ocular specimens, and ophthalmologists lack the training of basic laboratory skills, leading to the etiological diagnosis of ocular infectious diseases become difficult, especially the collection and pretreatment of eye samples become the biggest trouble. With the introduction of various special eye examination equipments and new laboratory technology, the development of etiological diagnosis has been accelerated, so as to better provide objective basis for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular infectious diseases.]]> 2021/4/2 14:58:34 ZHENG Mei-qin, ZHENG Qin-xiang, LOU Yong-liang, et al. 7true ［Abstract］　Chronic hepatitis B(CHB) caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection remains a major public health issue for the Chinese people. The current treatment regimen for CHB is mainly based on the oral administration of the first-line nucleos(t)ide analogs such as entecavir, tenofovir, and propofol tenofovir. These nucleos(t)ide analogs constitute a high drug-resistance barrier, strongly inhibit viral replication, and significantly reduce the incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there are some difficulties or controversies in starting treatment, monitoring efficacy and determining drug withdrawal in current clinical practice. The realization of precision treatment of CHB largely depends on the sensitive and specific nucleic acid testing technology of HBV and the scientific interpretation of its results.]]> 2021/2/3 9:17:59 YANG Rui-feng, CHEN Hong-song, LU Feng-min 6true ［Abstract］　Respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children worldwide. The diagnosis of microbial pathogens of respiratory tract infections is very important and challenging. Among the current clinical pathogen detection methods, the traditional methods include smear staining and microscopic examination, antigen detection, culture, etc. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) can also be used for species identification of positive cultures. In recent years,molecular biological detection methods have developed rapidly, including common polymerase chain reaction(PCR), multiplex PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, and metagenomics next generation sequencing(mNGS) technology. Rapid and point-of-care testing(POCT) molecular methods are expected to be effective tools to help guide targeted therapy and appropriate use of antibiotics.]]> 2021/2/3 9:17:59 HU Yan-ning, LU Bing-huai 5true ［Abstract］　Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still the leading cause of chronic liver disease in China. Due to the limitations of currently used antiviral drugs in clinic, new researches targeting different layers of HBV life cycle and host immunomodulation have attracted wide attention. Direct antiviral drugs, named core protein allosteric modulators(CpAMs), is considered as a class of potential new drugs that are being studied for the treatment of hepatitis B due to their multiple impacts on HBV life cycle. However, due to the problem of choosing the evaluation indicators for safe drug withdrawal in the clinical trial phase of a drug that is being studied, viral rebound and even disease recurrence is observed in a part of the patients involved in the clinical trials after secession of treatment. In this paper, CpAMs are taken as an example to interpret the clinical trial results of CpAMs, and it is suggested that safe drug withdrawal indicators should be further carefully and comprehensively summarized under different antiviral therapy mechanisms.]]> 2022/1/6 12:24:24 LI Gui-xin, LIU Hui, JIANG Qian-qian, et al. 4true ［摘要］　乳腺癌是世界欠发达地区妇女最常见的癌症死因，也是世界较发达地区妇女癌症死亡的第二大原因。乳腺癌治疗方案不断发展，现有多种治疗方式可供选择。然而，寻找可靠的预测和预后的生物标志物来帮助那些最有可能对特定疗法有效的乳腺癌患者选择合适的治疗方法仍然是一项重大挑战，并且这在过去的几十年里一直是许多课题组的研究焦点。在该篇综述中，我们试图对当前乳腺癌预后和预测标志物进行回顾，包括传统的、免疫组化的和基因组的分析，并评估这些标志物的潜在临床应用。]]> 2022/1/6 12:24:24 Hani Katerji, Huina Zhang, David G. Hicks, Bradley M. Turner 3true ［Abstract］　The prevalence of asymptomatic hyperuricemia is high. In China, the prevalence of hyperuricemia in residents aged 18-59 years is 9.8%, and that in the elderly over 60 years old is 5.5%-19.3%. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia can cause urate crystals to deposit in tissues, resulting in chronic inflammation. It is closely related to the comorbidities such as hypertension and renal insufficiency. At present, the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia remains controversial. This paper analyzes and evaluates the definition, metabolism, effects on immunity and organs, and current controversies in diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia.]]> 2021/12/3 11:58:03 ZHAO Ya-xi, CHEN Tao, SUN Rui, et al. 2true ［Abstract］　Non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(NI-VATS) is a new technique in line with the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) and is applied to almost all kinds of thoracoscopic surgery. In recent years, this technique has been gradually applied to lung volume reduction surgery. However, there are few reports and studies in this field. This paper reviews the current research progress and prospect of NI-VATS for lung volume reduction from the three aspects: the indications and contraindications of the surgery, anesthesia skills and surgical skills.]]> 2022/4/29 9:03:57 WEI Bo-hua, JIN Xin, ZHANG Yi 1true