［Abstract］　Objective　To study the distribution characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of GATA3 gene in Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and their effects on the patients′ prognoses. Methods　Two SNP loci of GATA3 gene rs3781093 and rs3824662 in 678 ALL patients admitted to Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from May 2009 to December 2014 were detected using TaqMan probe real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and the relationship between the two SNP loci and the early treatment response and the prognoses of the patients was analyzed. Results　The allele frequency of rs3781093 locus C was 38.8%. The positive rate of minimal residual lesions(D35-MRD≥0.01%) was higher in the genotype C/C on the 35th day of monitoring(C/C vs T/C vs T/T, 47.9% vs 40.5% vs 33.5%, P=0.037), and the 5-year relapse-free survival(RFS) in the genotype C/C was relatively low but there was no significant difference［C/C vs T/C vs T/T, (69.2±4.8)% vs (75.6±2.6)% vs (77.6±2.7)%, P=0.276］.The allele frequency of rs3824662 locus A was 38.3%, which had strong linkage disequilibrium with the former(rs3781093), and the early treatment response of genotype A/A was worse(D35-MRD positive: A/A vs A/C vs C/C, 50.0% vs 39.8% vs 33.7%, P=0.023), but there was no significant difference in RFS(P>0.05). Conclusion　There is strong linkage disequilibrium between the GATA3 gene rs3781093 and rs3824662 in Chinese children with ALL. The genotype C/C at rs3781093 locus and the genotype A/A at rs3824662 locus are associated with poor early treatment response, but do not significantly affect the long-term RFS.]]> 2021/3/5 17:41:47 CHEN Xiao-xiao, WANG Xiang, LI Ben-shang, et al. 6true ［Abstract］　Pyroptosis is a newly identified type of programmed cell death that is different from apoptosis and necrosis and can be initiated in response to various intracellular or extracellular stimuli. Pyroptosis is mainly mediated by Caspase-1/3/4/5/11 and Gasdermin family, and characterized by cell swelling, membrane lysis and release of pro-inflammatory factors. Hematological tumors, also known as malignant hematological diseases, including acute/chronic leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome and so on, are characterized by abnormal differentiation and proliferation of malignant transformed hematopoietic stem cells. Hematological tumors are malignant diseases that seriously threaten human health. In recent years, with the rise of the study of pyroptosis, many scholars have found new therapeutic targets for hematological tumors and developed corresponding drugs through in-depth exploration of the mechanism of pyroptosis in hematological tumors, revealing the role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of hematological tumors, which may become a new direction of clinical diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognosis evaluation of hematological tumors. In this paper, we review the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and the related research progress of pyroptosis in hematological tumors, so as to provide some references for further research on the role of pyroptosis in hematological tumors.]]> 2021/3/5 17:41:47 ZHENG Hong, ZHAO Ming-yi, YANG Ming-hua 5true ［Abstract］　Objective　To investigate the relationship between potential environmental risk factors and the development of childhood acute leukemia. Methods　A total of 532 children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia treated in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from April 2014 to August 2020 were selected as the case group, and 500 children with non-tumor and non-genetic immune/endocrine diseases treated in the Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center were selected as the control group for a case-control study. The basic characteristics, daily behaviors and lifestyles, environmental exposures, and family indoor and outdoor environmental exposures of the children and their parents, and the parents′ exposures during pregnancy in the two groups were recorded by questionnaire survey. Univariate χ² test and multivariate logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis, and OR(95%CI) values were calculated. Results　Timely vaccination(OR=0.085, 95%CI: 0.033-0.218) was a protective factor for the children with acute leukemia, and children suffering from infectious diseases(OR=3.989,95%CI: 2.082-7.640), increased frequency of colds(OR=2.662,95%CI: 1.662-4.265), exposure to pesticides/ insecticides(OR=8.166, 95%CI: 2.304-28.938), and maternal exposure to volatile materials during pregnancy(OR=1.874, 95%CI: 1.206-2.913) were the risk factors for the children with acute leukemia. Conclusion　A history of childhood infection, increased frequency of colds, exposure to pesticides/ insecticides and maternal exposure to volatile materials during pregnancy may be associated with childhood acute leukemia.]]> 2021/3/5 17:41:47 WU Qiao-wei, GAN Wen-ting, ZHU Lu, et al. 4true ［Abstract］　Pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP) is a severe opportunistic respiratory infection caused by human Pneumocystis jiroveci. Understanding the risk factors and clinical manifestations of PCP in pediatric transplant recipients and cancer patients, and understanding the indications for prevention and treatment regimens, are critical to promoting early diagnosis and reducing the risk of PCP. In view of the specific challenges that this complex patient population often face, we review the progress of the prevention and treatment of PCP in this paper.]]> 2021/3/5 17:41:47 DAI Yan, LI Xin-ye, TANG Hui-he, et al. 3true ［Abstract］　Immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) is the most common acquired hemorrhagic disorder during childhood, and the pathogenesis of the disease is complex. At present, immune abnormality is considered to be the main cause of the disease. In recent years, the role of intestinal microbiota in immunomodulatory homeostasis and immune tolerance has been gradually clarified, and its imbalance plays a key role in many immune diseases. Therefore, the study of the relationship between intestinal microbiota imbalance and the onset of ITP can further restore the balance of intestinal microbiota as a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of ITP. In this paper, the research progress in metagenomics of intestinal microbiota in ITP patients is reviewed.]]> 2021/3/5 17:41:47 WU Min, LIU Ling 2true ［Abstract］　Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) are physically impaired by the disease and tumor therapy. In the past, these patients were advised to stay in bed and relax as much as possible. Recent studies have shown that too little activity can actually lead to a further decline in body function. Exercise rehabilitation has been applied in ALL children during and after treatment, and has been found to have significant effects on several impairments in ALL children, such as bone, skeletal muscle, nerves and muscles, cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular system impairments, and fatigue, body balance disorders and metabolic changes. In this paper, we review the current research progress of exercise rehabilitation training for ALL.]]> 2021/3/5 17:41:47 HE Shuang, LIU Zhen-ling, CHEN Fang 1true