［Abstract］　The progress of society has promoted patients′ requirements for improving the quality of life after breast cancer surgery, and the continuous improvement of minimally invasive concept in the field of breast surgery has made minimally invasive surgery represented by endoscopic technology widely used and has made it becoming more and more mature. On the basis of not changing the principle of breast cancer surgery, compared with traditional open surgery, the minimally invasive surgery shows unique minimally invasive and aesthetic advantages, especially in immediate breast reconstruction surgery for radical mastectomy. The flexible combination of axillary lymph node resection, mastectomy and breast reconstruction with autologous tissues keeps the reconstructed breast skin surface from scarring, which represents a new stage of surgical treatment of breast cancer. Based on the authors′ experience, this paper discusses the longitudinal depth and integration of endoscopic breast reconstruction after radical mastectomy, and provides some reference for experts and scholars who are committed to mastoscopic techniques in clinical treatment.]]> 2023/10/12 10:25:14 LUO Yun-feng, ZHU Yan-wen, HUANG Yu 36true ［Abstract］　Locally advanced thyroid cancer(TC) often invades the important anatomical structures around the thyroid gland, leading to a series of functional defects and a refractory disease, which seriously affects the quality of life and survival rate of the patients. At present, the optimal diagnosis and treatment strategy for locally advanced TC is still controversial, and there is still a lack of systematic and consistent comprehensive guidelines at home and abroad. How to provide individualized treatments for the patients with locally advanced TC and achieve a better balance between radical treatment for the tumor and guaranteeing the patients′ quality of life is still a research hotspot at present, and it is also a key link to extend the survival rate of the TC patients. Based on the authors′ clinical experience, this paper analyzes the status quo and problems of the different domestic and foreign guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced TC, for the purpose of further standardizing the diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced TC, and improving the levels of domestic professional diagnosis and treatment and the overall survival rate of the patients.]]> 2023/8/31 17:39:32 SU Yan-jun, PENG Ying, CHENG Ruo-chuan 35true ［Abstract］　Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome(PARDS) remains one of the critical illnesses leading to a higher mortality rate in children. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO), as an important rescue therapy, has been gradually developed. There is a relatively clear application timing of ECMO in adult acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS), while there is no clear recommendation for the application timing of ECMO in PARDS.Continuous monitoring and comprehensive analysis of oxygenation index, gas exchange index, parameters of invasive ventilator and organ function score are helpful for clinicians to make correct ECMO intervention decisions.]]> 2023/8/4 12:14:57 CHENG Ye, LU Guo-ping 34true ［Abstract］　Myasthenia gravis(MG) is an acquired autoimmune disease, and extended thymectomy is one of the most important treatment methods for MG. However, due to the various clinical types, special anatomical locations and surgical approaches of MG, there are still some controversies regarding extended thymectomy, including surgical indications, surgical timing, surgical manners, surgical procedures, surgical approaches, perioperative managements, critical surgery and efficacy evaluations. Our department has been engaged in the surgical treatment of MG for many years, and has taken the lead in formulating the relevant expert consensuses. Based on this, we summarize the relevant current events and controversial issues for reference by professionals in the same field, with the purpose of standardizing the diagnosis and surgical treatment behavior of MG and improving the diagnosis and treatment level.]]> 2023/7/3 0:00:00 SHEN Chen, TAO Shao-lin, TAN Qun-you 33true ［Abstract］　Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD) is considered as the common pathological basis of most spinal degenerative diseases and is a major pathogenic factor of low back pain. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)-based biological repair provides a new idea for the treatment of IDD. In recent years, the clinical application of MSCs in the treatment of IDD has achieved good results in some extent. In this paper, the current status, problems, challenges and potential breakthrough points of the clinical research on biological repair of stem cells for IDD are reviewed, providing reference for the clinical research on biological repair of stem cells for IDD.]]> 2023/3/30 12:08:58 WU De-sheng 32true ［Abstract］　With the rapid development of the technique of hysteroscopic cold scissors in recent years, the concept that the treatment of hysteroscopic cold scissors can protect the endometrium or myometrium is being widely accepted by doctors and patients. With the accumulation of knowledge and the constant enrichment of the experience about the treatment of hysteroscopic cold scissors, and the constant improvement and standardization of the relevant surgical skills and methods, the misunderstandings are being constantly corrected. However, due to the short history of the development of the treatment of hysteroscopic cold scissors, especially the treatment of giant cold scissors, there is still a huge room for development in technical concepts and product improvement, which is worthy of continuous exploration.]]> 2023/2/28 12:21:57 SUN Dan, WU Mei-rong, XU Da-bao 31true ［Abstract］　Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) is an effective mean for eradicating malignant hematologic diseases and is widely used around the world. In the past 20 years, allo-HSCT has flourished with the increased number of transplants year by year and the continuous optimization of transplantation protocols, and the clinical efficacy and safety of the transplantation have been continuously improved. In this paper, the current status of allo-HSCT in the treatment of malignant hematologic diseases is introduced and an outlook on possible future research directions is raised.]]> 2023/11/30 11:41:23 REN Han-yun 30true ［Abstract］　Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has posed huge challenges to healthcare systems around the world. Organ transplant recipients face higher risk of infection, severe illness and death from COVID-19 than the general population because of long-term immunosuppression. After more than 3 years of medical exploration, the prevention and treatment measures of COVID-19 have abtained certain achievement. In this paper, the evolution and adaptation between the virus and human, and the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are reviewed, providing clinical reference of the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 for organ transplant recipients.]]> 2023/11/3 19:25:14 CHEN Zhong-hua 29true ［Abstract］　Type Ⅰ interferonopathy is a type of autoinflammatory diseases caused by single gene mutation, characterized by abnormal activation of type Ⅰ interferon signaling pathway, leading to widespread systemic inflammatory response. In the daily diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases, early identification of type Ⅰ interferonopathy is crucially important. For the patients with onset of diseases at a young age and presented with multi-system inflammatory manifestations and positive autoantibodies, clinicians should be highly vigilant about type Ⅰ interferonopathy and perform genetic testing for early diagnosis if necessary. Early diagnosis and precision treatment not only help to control inflammation in time, but also effectively prevent or slow down the progression of organ injury, and significantly improve the long-term prognosis of the patients.]]> 2024/9/29 0:00:00 GAO Fengqiao, LI Caifeng 28true ［Abstract］　Membranous nephropathy is one of the most common primary glomerular diseases. The discovery of disease-specific target antigens such as M-type phospholipase A2 receptor(PLA2R) has opened up new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of membranous nephropathy, especially providing a basis for the intervention of B-cell lineages. The core of treatment is to reduce antibody production and subepithelial immune complex deposition. This paper explores promising targeted therapy methods starting from the specific target antigens of membranous nephropathy.]]> 2024/8/30 10:29:45 1, HAN Fei²]]> LU Luying¹, HAN Fei² 27true ［Abstract］　Accurate pathological diagnosis of tumors is crucial for guiding clinical treatment and predicting prognosis. Morphology is the cornerstone of pathological diagnosis, and immunohistochemical detection assists in pathological diagnosis, and molecular detection assists in pathological diagnosis and guides precise clinical treatment. Artificial intelligence technology and pathological morphological diagnosis are constantly integrated. Deep learning-based artificial intelligence makes it possible for computers to automatically process pathological morphology and assist in accurate diagnosis, thus making pathological diagnosis gradually move towards intellectualization. In this paper, new advances in pathological diagnosis of tumors are elaborated.]]> 2024/8/3 0:00:00 1, WANG Jian²]]> MEI Kaiyong¹, WANG Jian² 26true ［Abstract］　Hysteroscopy has been rapidly developed and widely popularized since it was introduced into China in the 1990s. The concept of hysteroscopic cold knife has gradually been widely accepted, especially the hysteroscopic cold knife has a unique advantage in fertility protection. Over the past 30 years, the innovation of hysteroscopic devices and techniques has never stopped. With the advent of the era of big data, the traditional thinking methods and practical patterns in the field of hysteroscopy will face unprecedented changes. In this paper, hysteroscopic technique and its application are elaborated from the aspects of the development trend of surgical methods and hysteroscopic devices, the existing difficulties and solutions of hysteroscopic surgery and the robot application of difficult hysteroscopic surgery, and the future development trend is put forward.]]> 2024/7/2 0:00:00 1,2, WU Meirong¹, XU Dabao¹]]> SUN Dan^1,2, WU Meirong¹, XU Dabao¹ 25true ［Abstract］　Natural orifice transluminal single-site endoscopic surgery has the advantages of minimal trauma, good cosmetic effect, rapid postoperative recovery and low incidence of complications. Natural orifice transluminal single-site endoscopic surgery is in line with the modern concept of scarless and painless minimally invasive surgery and is the development direction of minimally invasive surgery in gynecology. The approaches of natural orifice transluminal single-site endoscopic surgery in gynecology are mainly divided into transumbilical approach and transvaginal approach. The transvaginal approach has the advantages of no scars on the abdomen, rapid wound healing, mild postoperative pain and low complication rate, and is currently a research hotspot in minimally invasive gynecological surgery. In recent years, robotic surgical systems have developed rapidly, and their combination with natural orifice transluminal single-site endoscopic surgery can achieve three-dimensional imaging magnification of the surgical field and flexible robotic arm to fulfill complex surgical operations, which broadens the surgical indications and surgical accuracy. The combination of robotic surgical systems and natural orifice transluminal single-site endoscopic surgery is considered to be a revolutionary breakthrough in minimally invasive surgery. In this paper, the current development status and future direction of natural orifice transluminal single-site surgery in gynecology are elaborated.]]> 2024/7/2 0:00:00 1, GUAN Xiaoming²]]> ZHANG Chunhua¹, GUAN Xiaoming² 24true ［Abstract］　At present, with the rapid development of science and technology, the robotic single-port laparoscopic surgery systems are booming, and China has also introduced policies to encourage the development of domestic robot systems. At present, the effectiveness and safety of two single-port robot systems approved for marketing in China have been verified in the operations of common benign and malignant diseases in gynecology, and the two domestic single-port robot systems have good prospects for development. This paper briefly reviews the development background of domestic surgical robots and their applications in gynecology, and looks forward to their future development prospects.]]> 2024/7/2 0:00:00 REN Chang, ZHANG Kexin, SUN Dawei 23true ［Abstract］　With the advancement of medical technology, colorectal surgery has transitioned from traditional surgery to minimally invasive surgery, significantly enhancing surgical safety and effectiveness while also improving patients′ recovery speed and quality of life. The introduction of laparoscopic and robotic surgical technologies provides a more precise operating platform for colorectal surgery, reducing surgical risks and surgical trauma. Surgical procedure innovations such as natural orifice specimen extraction surgery further reduce surgical trauma. These advances not only promote the innovation of colorectal surgical techniques, but also bring about better treatment outcomes for patients. In this paper, the effects of surgical platform construction and surgical procedure innovation on the development of colorectal surgery are explored.]]> 2024/5/31 12:04:36 ZHANG Jinzhu, WANG Xishan 22true ［Abstract］　The proposal of the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) marks a significant change in perioperative management model. ERAS takes a series of optimization measures based on emphasizing the evidence of evidence-based medicine to reduce surgical trauma and complications and promote rapid recovery of the patients. Clinical anesthesia, as an integral part of perioperative management, plays a key role in ERAS. In this paper, the development status of clinical anesthesia under the concept of ERAS is systematically elaborated, and the main facing challenges are analyzed, and countermeasures and prospects are put forward to deal with the challenges, in order to provide reference for the development of the anesthesia discipline.]]> 2024/4/30 11:24:22 1, YANG Tiande²]]> ZHANG Xu¹, YANG Tiande² 21true ［Abstract］　The minimally invasive approach in cardiac surgery is the trend of disciplinary development worldwide. Chinese Committee for Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery(CMICS) annually conducts a survey on the minimally invasive cardiovascular operations performed by departments of cardiovascular surgery of all hospitals in China in the previous year, and classifies and summarizes and releases them according to the surgical amount of diseases of minimally invasive technique, regional and hospital distributions. The statistical data in recent years fully demonstrate that the development level of minimally invasive cardiac surgery in China has showed an increasing trend in both quantity and quality year by year. This paper elaborates on the development status of minimally invasive cardiac surgery combining partial data from CMICS, and provides prospects for future development.]]> 2024/4/3 11:46:24 LU Shuyang, WANG Chunsheng 20true ［Abstract］　The progress of society, the development of science and technology and the change in lifestyle have not only promoted people′s demand for high-quality sleep, but also have led to a sharp increase in the incidence of sleep disorders. As the most common type of sleep disorders, sleep disordered breathing is the most common sleep disease causing multi-system disease. At present, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation therapy is the preferred treatment method of sleep disordered breathing, but there is still a severe problem of poor compliance, which directly affects the overall treatment effect and treatment efficiency of sleep disordered breathing. How to efficiently improve the overall management of sleep disordered breathing is one of the important issues that the field of sleep medicine focuses on and urgently needs to solve at present. In the context of a Healthy China perspective, management models of sleep disordered breathing have emerged in an endless number. Among them, the advanced concept and model of sleep proactive healthcare in the concept of proactive healthcare can improve the overall management of sleep disordered breathing through stimulating internal causes and changing external causes, which may play a greater role in promoting the diagnosis, comorbidity prevention and treatment of sleep disordered breathing in the future.]]> 2024/2/29 11:51:54 HAN Fang 19true ［Abstract］　Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors represented by programmed cell death protein 1(PD1)/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies have made significant progress in the treatment of lung cancer. In advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, the immunotherapy with PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies has become a first-line standard treatment option, especially for the patients with high PD-L1 expression, in whom single-agent immunotherapy can significantly improve the efficacy and reduce adverse reactions compared with traditional chemotherapy. In addition, the combination of immunotherapy and other treatments, such as immunotherapy+chemotherapy and two immunotherapy regimens, has also been widely accepted in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. For advanced small-cell lung cancer, the immunotherapy with PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies has also broken through the bottleneck of traditional first-line treatment and has significantly improved the prognosis of the patients. However, there are still many challenges in immunotherapy, such as the selection of sensitive patients, overcoming drug resistance, the choice of combination therapy, and the management of adverse reactions. In the future, the development of dual-antibody drugs and new types of immunotherapy drugs will become the key to breaking through the bottleneck of immunotherapy for lung cancer. At the same time, researches on immunotherapy in the combination therapy and the prevention and treatment of drug resistance will continue to deepen, bringing more long-term survival benefits to lung cancer patients.]]> 2025/1/6 10:33:01 QIAN Zhe, HU Ying, LIN Gen 18true ［Abstract］　Children′s respiratory system disease is one of the diseases with the highest incidence rate in pediatric department, and most of them are infectious diseases. The common pathogens include a variety of viruses, bacteria and atypical pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clear etiology plays a vital role in clinical treatment, especially for acute, critical and severe patients. Children of different age groups have certain differences in common respiratory infection pathogens in different seasons, which is also a characteristic that distinguishes children from adults. However, since the end of 2019, with the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 pandemic, the disease spectrum of children′s respiratory diseases has changed during the outbreak, which has brought new challenges to pediatric respiratory specialists, and increased the difficulty of clinical diagnosis and treatment for primary pediatricians. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the common disease spectrum and the changes in pathogens of respiratory tract infection in children after the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 pandemic to better guide clinical work.]]> 2024/12/12 0:00:00 GENG Gang, FU Zhou 17true ［Abstract］　With the improvement of living conditions, people have higher and higher requirements for aesthetics, which drives the development of minimally invasive technology, and surgeons are also constantly exploring more minimally invasive endoscopic surgery methods. At present, endoscopic technique has been accepted by many breast surgeons in breast surgery, especially the endoscopic breast reconstruction technique has been rapidly developed. The result of achieving scar-free breast skin after surgery is a common expectation of both doctors and patients. In many breast reconstruction operations, breast reconstruction using omental flap, which has the advantages of natural roundness and soft touch of the breast after the reconstruction, has attracted more and more attention. Based on the experience of more than 10 years, the authors discuss the value and development prospect of the total endoscopic technique in immediate breast reconstruction using omental flap after breast cancer radical operation in this paper, and are dedicated to providing a reference for the experts and scholars who are committed to breast endoscopic technique in surgical treatment.]]> 2024/10/30 20:36:42 1, HUANG Yu¹, ZHU Yanwen²]]> LUO Yunfeng¹, HUANG Yu¹, ZHU Yanwen² 16true ［Abstract］　Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP) is a common community-acquired pneumonia in children. The early detection of SMPP, as well as the monitoring of highly macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MRMP) infection and complications deserve attention. The early detection of risk factors for SMPP requires a combination of clinical features, inflammatory biological markers and imaging features. In the regions where MRMP infection is highly prevalent, new tetracyclines(doxycycline/minocycline) or quinolones should be promptly selected for early treatment. In the future, efforts should be made to strengthen the monitoring of MRMP, optimize its early warning model, and explore the management strategies involving multidisciplinary collaboration.]]> 2025/8/29 20:37:53 CUI Yun, JING Xiaoping, ZHANG Yucai 15true ［Abstract］　As one of the most rapidly developing fields in contemporary technology, artificial intelligence(AI) is systematically reshaping the operation models of all industries and promoting profound changes in the industrial structures. The rapid development of AI in the medical field has brought new opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric surgical diseases. This paper focuses on the current application status of AI in the field of pediatric surgery, introduces the research and application progress of AI in pediatric surgery, and explores the potential innovations and challenges that AI technology may bring in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric surgical diseases. In the future, general medical AI large language models(e.g., DeepSeek) have great potential in Chinese medical information processing and educational support. However, overcoming data bottlenecks and conducting clinical validations are essential to achieve their deep integration and value realization in the field of pediatric surgery.]]> 2025/7/4 11:15:38 FANG Erhu, FENG Jiexiong 14true ［Abstract］　The incidence of gynecologic malignant tumors is not only relatively high but also shows a trend of younger age. The rapid development of diagnosis and treatment techniques has significantly prolonged the survival period of the gynecologic malignant tumor patients, and the median age of the survivors of gynecologic malignant tumor patients at menopause is 44 years, which is significantly earlier than that of normal females at natural menopause. It is worth noting that more and more women are experiencing the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency or osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and cognitive decline caused by early menopause after cancer treatment, which seriously affect their quality of life. Given that the majority of cancer patients with menopausal symptoms have not received effective treatment, this paper analyzes and discusses the issues related to hormone replacement therapy after treatment of gynecologic cancer, providing assistance for clinicians in dealing with such problems.]]> 2025/6/5 10:27:59 TAN Rongrong, WU Jie 13true ［Abstract］　With the interruption of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and the continuous expansion of the coverage of antiretroviral therapy for children, the number of newly diagnosed HIV-infected children and the mortality of the HIV-infected children in China have been declining. However, there are still some problems and difficulties in the prevention and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) for the HIV-infected children, and there is still a long way to go to fight against AIDS for them. This paper briefly summarizes the current progress and existing problems in prevention and treatment of AIDS in children in China, with the expectation of continuously improving the prevention and treatment measures of AIDS, further reducing the infection rate and mortality of AIDS in children, and improving their quality of life.]]> 2025/4/30 9:48:46 1, CHEN Wei², YANG Qiuyi², LAN Guanghua¹]]> ZENG Xiaoliang¹, CHEN Wei², YANG Qiuyi², LAN Guanghua¹ 12true ［Abstract］　The diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection in children are faced with many challenges, such as limited medicine options, high drug resistance rate and poor compliance, which affect the eradication rate. This paper aims at analyzing the current status of diagnosis and treatment of Hp infection in children, analyzing the difficulties and exploring the future prospects, in order to provide reference for clinical practice and research.]]> 2025/3/28 8:07:34 WANG Wenyu, DENG Zhaohui 11true ［Abstract］　Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease, which seriously affects the patients′ quality of life. This paper explores early intervention strategies for COPD, including questionnaire screening and use of pulmonary function test as screening tools for high-risk populations. In this paper, the diagnostic criteria for COPD and the latest progress in their evaluation are presented, and the importance of moving the treatment forward is emphasized, especially for accurate identification and early treatment of the populations with treatable traits. Furthermore, this paper proposes to raise public awareness of COPD and promote early screening through grassroots education and the effort of primary healthcare institutions. These measures are helpful for achieving early detection, diagnosis and treatment of COPD, and are of great significance for improving the comprehensive prevention and treatment of COPD, reducing the patients′ disease burden and improving their poor prognosis.]]> 2025/2/7 8:31:46 1, WU Fan¹, DENG Zhishan¹, ZHOU Yumin^1,2]]> WAN Qi¹, WU Fan¹, DENG Zhishan¹, ZHOU Yumin^1,2 10true ［Abstract］　In recent years, several large-scale evidence-based medical researches published in top international journals have confirmed that intensive blood pressure control can effectively decrease the mortality of patients with hypertension and reduce their cardiovascular events. However, the impact of intensive blood pressure control on renal outcomes is controversial. Researches have shown that intensive blood pressure control may increase the risk of renal adverse events in the short term, but long-term observations have found that intensive blood pressure control has the effect of delaying the progression of nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD). Intensive blood pressure control has a more significant protective effect on the kidneys of CKD patients complicated with proteinuria and advanced CKD stages, suggesting that CKD patients with different clinical characteristics may obtain differential renal benefits from intensive blood pressure control strategies. Antihypertensive treatment should aim not only at achieving single-time target goal but also at maintaining long-term time in target range. For a long time, the rate of achieving blood pressure targets among CKD patients in China has been low, and the problem of hypertension resulting in the progression of kidney disease has not been effectively controlled. This paper elaborates on the comprehensive benefits of antihypertensive treatment for CKD patients. Based on the latest clinical research results and international guidelines, it emphasizes that efforts should not only be made to increase the rate of achieving blood pressure targets among CKD patients, but also to strive for intensive blood pressure control and achieving long-term time in target range.]]> 2025/12/31 13:19:40 1,2,3, CAI Guangyan²]]> ZHOU Shuwen^1,2,3, CAI Guangyan² 9true ［Abstract］　Pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT), as an important means of treating various malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases, has been widely applied in recent years. However, the conditioning protocols before transplantation, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, may cause irreversible damage to the gonadal function of the pediatric patients, potentially impacting their future fertility. Therefore, implementing fertility preservation measures is of great significance in pediatric HSCT. At present, relevant researches in this field at home and abroad are gradually increasing, but there are still problems such as non-standard application of technology and ethical disputes. This paper aims to review the latest progress of fertility preservation measures in pediatric HSCT, with an interpretion on Chinese Expert Consensus on Fertility Preservation for Female Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation released in 2022, analyzing the current status, ethical challenges encountered, and future development directions of the existing technologies in clinical practice, in order to provide valuable reference and guidance for clinical practice.]]> 2025/11/29 21:17:25 YANG Jun, QIN Maoquan, WANG Tianyou 8true ［Abstract］　Myasthenia gravis(MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by thymic abnormalities. Thymectomy is a core approach for treating MG, and its clinical value has been confirmed by landmark studies such as the Thymectomy Trial in Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis Patients Receiving Prednisone Therapy(MGTX). Thymectomy can significantly improve the clinical outcomes of patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody(AChR-Ab)-positive generalized MG, reduce their immunosuppressant dosages, and elevate their long-term remission rates. With the advancement of minimally invasive techniques such as thoracoscopy and robotics, thymectomy has entered a new stage of “minimally invasive and precise”, which makes patients safer and enables them to recover faster. Early thymectomy is now the consensus recommendation for patients with early-onset and AChR-Ab-positive generalized MG. However, its applications in some special populations, including those with ocular MG and muscle-specific kinase(MuSK) antibody-positive MG, remain controversial and require individualized assessment. The future research direction lies in establishing precision decision-making models based on patient subtypes and biomarkers, and conducting large-scale studies to define its precise role across different MG subtypes, which will optimize surgical timing and screen beneficiary groups to achieve personalized treatments.]]> 2025/10/31 0:00:00 KUANG Zhenyu, ZHU Quan, LU Liqing, LI Xiaoyan, SU Yanhong, CHENG Yuanda, GAO Yang, ZHANG Chunfang 7true ［Abstract］　As malignant tumors become more prevalent among younger populations, the incidence of pregnancy complicated by malignant tumors has risen, posing a complex clinical challenge in obstetrics. The core of the dilemma to the disease lies in balancing maternal oncological treatment and fetal safety. This paper systematically discusses the diagnosis and treatment strategies based on clinical practice and updated guidelines. Physiological changes during pregnancy can easily be confused with early tumor symptoms, resulting in delayed diagnosis and advanced staging. The key to early diagnosis is the accurate identification of abnormal signals, including pre-pregnancy screening for high-risk individuals and stratified assessment during pregnancy, with pathological biopsy as the gold standard for the confirmed diagnosis. Imaging examinations follow the ALARA(as low as reasonably achievable) principle. Ultrasound and gadolinium-free magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) are the first choices, while ionizing radiation examinations are strictly restricted. Maternal safety should be prioritized in treatments, with the second trimester being the optimal window for surgery and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy should be avoided in the first trimester. Low-risk agents such as anthracyclines and platinum-based drugs are recommended, whereas teratogenic medications are contraindicated. Radiotherapy is contraindicated during pregnancy and only cautiously administered in exceptional and rare cases. The entire management relies on multidisciplinary team(MDT) collaboration to develop individualized plans. Delivery requires comprehensive evaluation of maternal and fetal conditions, followed by timely initiation of tumor treatments for postpartum women and long-term follow-up for both maternal and child health. Standardized diagnosis and treatment combined with an MDT model can improve maternal and fetal outcomes and provide safety assurance for women of reproductive age.]]> 2026/6/30 18:17:12 SONG Zhaoli, LIN Li 6true ［Abstract］　Periarticular knee osteotomy is an important joint-preserving surgery for treating unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis and correcting lower limb alignment, with diverse surgical techniques available. When facing the core decision of “how to select and plan the optimal surgical technique for a patient”, traditional diagnostic and treatment models primarily rely on limited experience and two-dimensional imaging analysis, making them difficult to systematically and quantitatively assess and predict the complex three-dimensional biomechanical alterations and specific complication risks that different surgical techniques may induce. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI) and multimodal data fusion technologies provides new opportunities to address this decision-making dilemma and propel the diagnostic and treatment models toward a comprehensive and precise transformation covering the entire patient journey. This paper aims to present a narrative review that systematically elaborates an emerging intelligent diagnostic and treatment paradigm. This paradigm, by deeply integrating multidimensional patient data, constructs an intelligent decision support system capable of simulating, evaluating, and optimizing various osteotomy strategies. Consequently, it realizes personalized selection for various surgical procedures, quantitative prediction of surgical risks, and precise planning and executing the surgery. The paper focuses on analyzing the core advantages, technical paths, and current major challenges of this paradigm, and looks forward to its broad prospects in leading knee-preserving surgeries into a new era of digitalization and precision.]]> 2026/5/29 19:40:21 1,2,3, TIAN Aixian^1,2,3, ZHANG Baoxin¹, MIAO Zukang^1,4, JIA Jingkun^1,5, DAI Jing^1,2,3, BAI Lei^1,4, YANG Lu^1,2,3, JIANG Ning^1,4, MA Xinlong^1,2,3]]> PEI Zhiwei^1,2,3, TIAN Aixian^1,2,3, ZHANG Baoxin¹, MIAO Zukang^1,4, JIA Jingkun^1,5, DAI Jing^1,2,3, BAI Lei^1,4, YANG Lu^1,2,3, JIANG Ning^1,4, MA Xinlong^1,2,3 5true ［Abstract］　With the increasing survival rate of malignant tumor patients, the overall trend toward delayed marriage and childbearing, and advances in the diagnosis and treatment of immune, metabolic, and genetic diseases, female fertility preservation(FP) has emerged as a pivotal interdisciplinary field spanning reproductive medicine, oncology, hematology, immunology, metabology and clinical genetics. At present, a technical system for female FP has been established, with embryo cryopreservation, oocyte cryopreservation and ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation(OTCT) as the core techniques. Based on authoritative domestic and international guidelines and evidence-based medical researches, this paper systematically sorts out the current clinical application status and characteristics of female FP techniques, deeply interprets the indication spectrum ranging from disease-related indications to social needs, and constructs an individualized selection strategy of “population stratification-demand orientation-technique adaptation”. Meanwhile, this paper analyzes the core challenges currently faced, such as technical disputes in FP, limited clinical accessibility, insufficient multidisciplinary team(MDT) coordination, and ethical and legal dilemmas. It also provides an outlook on future technological innovations, system optimization, and policy support directions, aiming to provide reference for the clinical standardization and precision decision-making of FP and promote the healthy development of the cause of female FP in China.]]> 2026/3/31 0:00:00 *]]> CHEN Shiling, SHI Yuhua^* 4true ［Abstract］　Expanding antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B(CHB) is gradually becoming a consensus. In the future, more patients with the immune tolerance state of high baseline hepatitis B virus(HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) levels will be included in antiviral treatment. Because these patients lack the host immune-mediated covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA) clearance effect, it is expected that they will often need a longer time to achieve complete control of viral DNA replication when receiving antiviral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs), which is complete response postpone(CRP). Therefore, it is not appropriate to simply classify the delayed complete virological response to NAs as low-level viremia(LLV) with poor response to antiviral therapy, in order to avoid treatment hesitancy or adjust the clinical treatment regimes too early.]]> 2026/2/28 11:50:10 1, FENG Yinong^2*, JIANG Qianqian³, DING Yang⁴, ZHENG Sujun⁵, WANG Lei¹, WU Xiaoping⁶, LU Fengmin⁷]]> GAO Lin¹, FENG Yinong^2*, JIANG Qianqian³, DING Yang⁴, ZHENG Sujun⁵, WANG Lei¹, WU Xiaoping⁶, LU Fengmin⁷ 3true ［Abstract］　In the context of global population aging, the coexistence of lumbar degenerative diseases and osteoporosis significantly increases the risk of complications associated with lumbar spinal fusion and internal fixation, making it an urgent clinical challenge that spinal surgery needs to deal with. In recent years, with the deepening of researches, there have been a more comprehensive understanding and more effective treatment strategies for the lumbar spinal fusion and internal fixation patients complicated with osteoporosis. Based on a review of the relevant literature, this paper comments on the fundamental management strategies for lumbar spinal fusion and internal fixation in patients complicated with osteoporosis, with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical management of lumbar spinal fusion and internal fixation in patients with osteoporosis, and reducing the incidence of complications.]]> 2026/2/28 11:50:11 HUANG Yufeng 2true ［Abstract］　Artificial intelligence(AI), as the core technology leading a new round of scientific and technological revolution, has been deeply integrated into every aspect of clinical medicine. Since its inception in the 1950s, AI has experienced a great-leap-forward development from symbolic logic to deep neural network. At present, it has shown broad application prospects in disease diagnosis, formulation of treatment plan, drug research and development, and hospital management. Regarding international regulation, the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has established and continuously updated the AI-Enabled Medical Device List, and applied a risk-based, total product life-cycle regulatory framework to the related softwares and medical devices. In China, the government is actively promoting the “AI+Healthcare” initiative to facilitate the clinical transformation of new technologies. Meanwhile, regulatory authorities are also simultaneously strengthening institutional building. They are gradually improving regulatory requirements in areas such as medical device registration review, risk management of AI medical software, data security and privacy protection, and establishing a regulatory system covering technology access, application implementation and risk prevention and control to provide institutional support for the standardized implementation of AI technology in clinical practice. Under the joint impetus of the above-mentioned international and domestic regulatory frameworks, AI technology is gradually being applied to clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as public health management, demonstrating significant application prospects in enhancing the capacity of primary medical services, early screening of tumors, and epidemiological management. This paper reviews the latest application progress of AI in clinical medicine, covering technical foundations such as computer vision and natural language processing. It systematically analyzes the challenges AI faces in practical applications, including data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and definition of legal liability. It also emphasizes that the application of AI in medical care should adhere to the principles of “people-oriented” and “human-led”, and the sustainable development of precision medicine should be promoted through multi-center validation and collaborative supervision.]]> 2026/1/31 11:24:04 SHEN Weixi, ZHANG Jian 1true