［Abstract］　Objective　To provide imaging evidence for early diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease(AD) by analyzing the changes of default mode network(DMN)and its evolution rules in subjective cognitive decline(SCD) and mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Methods　A total of 35 SCD patients including 88 MCI patients and 32 healthy controls(HC) were enrolled. The relevant clinical data and Neuropsychological Scale Assessment data as well as the 3D-T1WI and resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging(BOLD-fMRI) data of the subjects were collected. The posterior cingulate cortex(PCC) was used as the seed to analyze the DMN functional connectivity changes of SCD and MCI. Results　Compared with those in the HC group, the functional connectivity decreased in bilateral anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) and increased in the right inferior frontal gyrus in the SCD group, and decreased in the bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampal, right superior frontal gyrus/left ACC, part of right middle temporal gyrus/angular gyrus and increased in the right precentral gyrus, the bilateral insular/bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, the right middle cingulate gyrus/ventral anterior cingulate gyrus, the right supplementary motor area and the left cerebellum in the MCI group. Conclusion　With the progression of the disease, MCI presents more extensive functional connectivity abnormalities of DMN on the basis of changes of SCD, suggesting that SCD is an intermediate state between MCI and the normal elderly.]]> 2023/4/30 11:53:10 WEI Yi-chen, LIANG Ling-yan, LI Xiao-cheng, et al. 7true ［Abstract］　Objective　To investigate the differences in whole brain activity between patients with and without negative perfectionism first-episode depression using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF) method and to investigate their associations with clinical symptoms. Methods　Forty-four first-episode depression patients, including 11 males and 33 females, aged (24.64±5.31)years, were recruited during 2020 and 2022, and were included in this study. The patients were divided into the depression accompanied by negative perfectionism group(the DANP group, n=24) and the depression without negative perfectionism group(the DWNP group, n=20) according to the total scores of negative perfectionism on the Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(CFMPS). Independent sample t-test analysis was used to compare the differences in ALFF values between the two groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the extracted ALFF values of brain regions with statistically significant differences and the total scores of negative perfectionism on the CFMPS and the total scores of the 17-Item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-17). Results　Compared with the DWNP group, the DANP group had significantly higher ALFF values in the right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal marginal angular gyrus, right insula, left inferior temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus, and had significantly lower ALFF values in the left paracentral lobule, left middle frontal gyrus, left superior marginal gyrus, left triangular inferior frontal gyrus and left insular cap frontal gyrus. Correlation analysis showed that the right middle frontal gyrus ALFF value was negatively correlated with the total negative perfectionism score and negatively correlated with the total HAMD-17 score(r=-0.531, P=0.008; r=-0.477, P=0.018). Conclusion　The DANP patients have abnormal brain functions compared with the DWNP patients, and these abnormalities are mainly in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, which are related to emotion and cognition, and the stronger the compensatory function of the right middle frontal gyrus, the weaker the severity of the negative perfectionism and depression.]]> 2023/4/30 11:53:10 FAN Chun-hua, ZHOU Ying, CHEN Yan-jing, et al. 6true ［Abstract］　Objective　To observe the differences in visual network(VN) between treatment-resistant depression(TRD) and healthy individuals by using independent component analysis(ICA) method based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI) and to explore the immediate regulatory effect of VN function in the TRD patients by using transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS). Methods　A total of 40 patients diagnosed as TRD at the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of Guang′anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from January 2018 to October 2021 were selected as the TRD group. Other 40 healthy subjects matched in age and gender were recruited through advertisement as the healthy group. The rs-fMRI scans were performed on the TRD group before and after immediate treatment of taVNS, and only baseline period rs-fMRI scans were performed on the healthy group. The 17-Item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-17) and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) scores were administered to the TRD group and the healthy group. The resting-state network(RSN) belonging to the VN was obtained using ICA method, and the differential brain areas of the VN in the TRD group and the healthy group were analyzed, and the differential brain areas were analyzed for bias correlation with clinical scales, and the VNs in the TRD group before and after treatment were compared. Results　Compared with the healthy group, the TRD group had elevated functional connectivity(FC) values in the left fusiform(t=4.005, P<0.005) and left lingual gyrus(t=4.465, P<0.005). The FC values in the left fusiform were negatively correlated with SDS scores(r=-0.424, P<0.05), and the FC values in the left lingual gyrus were positively correlated with the HAMD-17 scores(r=0.348, P<0.05), and the FC value of the left fusiform decreased in the TRD group after taVNS treatment(t=-4.828, P<0.005). Conclusion　The presence of abnormal intrinsic FC in the visual network of TRD patients may be an important neuropathological mechanism, and taVNS can modulate the intrinsic FC in the abnormal visual network brain regions of the TRD patients, which may be the basis of the brain effect of taVNS in regulating clinical symptoms of TRD.]]> 2023/4/30 11:53:10 LUO Yi, CHEN Li-mei, SUN Ji-fei, et al. 5true ［Abstract］　Objective　To observe the consistency and relationship among different resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) indices in reflecting epileptic activity. Methods　Eighteen children diagnosed with CAE in Jinling Hospital from February 2010 to September 2021 were retrospectively collected as the CAE child patient group, and they were scanned by using simultaneous electroencephalogram(EEG)-fMRI, and 44 fMRI data containing spike and slow-wave discharges were obtained finally. At the same time, 94 gender- and age-matched normal children who underwent resting-state fMRI examinations were collected as the normal control group. The 11 resting-state fMRI indices for each subject were calculated, including ALFF, fALFF, ReHo, FCD, Long FCD, Local FCD, GCD_in, GCD_out, GCD_int, Hurst exponent and fMRI lag analysis(RSLA). Two-sample t-test was employed to obtain the intergroup difference for each index. The spatial distribution frequency map of the intergroup difference maps for all indices were calculated, and the area with the largest overlap was considered as the region of interest. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between each index in the region of interest for the two groups. A generalized linear model was also constructed using the SurfStat software to investigate the interaction effect between disease state and resting-state fMRI index. Results　The largest overlaps in the spatial distribution frequency map of all resting-state fMRI indices were shown in the bilateral thalamus and the right medial prefrontal lobe. The heat map pattern of the relationship between the resting-state fMRI indexes in the normal control group and the child patient group was similar in the region of interest, but the interaction analysis of between disease state and each index showed that in the bilateral thalamus, the CAE child patient group had the increased coupling degrees in CAE including ALFF-fALFF, ReHo-ALFF, RSLA-GCD_int, GCD_int-ALFF, GCD_int-ReHo, GCD_in-FCD, Hurst-fALFF and GCD_int-FCD and the decreased coupling degrees including FCD-fALFF and GCD_in-GCD_out compared with the normal control group. In the right medial prefrontal lobe, compared with the normal control group, the CAE child patient group had the increased coupling degrees in CAE including GCD_in-GCD_int, RSLA-GCD_in and GCD_int-RSLA,and the decreased coupling degrees including FCD-ALFF, fALFF-GCD_in, fALFF-GCD_out, and GCD_in-GCD_out. Conclusion　Collectively, these results are helpful to observe the consistent change of different resting-state fMRI indices, and provide novel insight into how these indices are inter-related, thus enhancing the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of CAE.]]> 2023/4/30 11:53:10 YU Qian-qian, LIU Gao-ping, XU Qiang, et al. 4true ［Abstract］　Objective　To investigate the intensity alterations of brain spontaneous activity and the spatial distribution of altered regions in Parkinson′s disease(PD) patients without standard treatment by using the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF) analysis method of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI). Methods　From April 2020 to June 2022, 33 untreated PD patients(the PD group) were recruited in the Department of Neurology of Yichun People′s Hospital, and at the same time 34 healthy volunteers roughly matched in age and gender were recruited as the healthy control group. The whole brain resting-state fMRI data were collected from the two groups. After the data were preprocessed, the whole brain typical frequency band fALFF was calculated, and the differences were statistically compared between the two groups. In order to reveal the importance of frequency-related information, the Slow-5 and Slow-4 sub-frequency bands of fALFF were calculated and compared. Finally, the fALFF values of the significantly altered brain areas in the PD patients were extracted for correlation analysis with Hoehn-Yahr(revised) grading scores. Results　Compared with those in the healthy control group, the fALFF changes in the typical frequency band in the PD group were observed in the right superior temporal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and left cingulate gyrus, and the fALFF values in the left cingulate gyrus were negatively correlated with the Hoehn-Yahr(revised) grading(r=-0.364, P=0.037). In the sub-frequency bands, the fALFF changes were found in several brain regions of the Slow-5 band in the PD group, among which the left lingual gyrus was positively correlated with the Hoehn-Yahr(revised) grading(r=0.376, P=0.031), and the left cingulate gyrus was negatively correlated with the Hoehn-Yahr(revised) grading(r=-0.359, P=0.040). Conclusion　The intensity alterations of brain spontaneous activity which are related to Hoehn-Yahr(revised) grading scores are found in the untreated PD patients. More discoveries of fALFF values in sub-frequency bands provide new ideas for understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of brain functional alterations in PD patients.]]> 2023/4/30 11:53:10 GONG Tao, CHENG Wei-ling, TAO Na, et al. 3true ［Abstract］　Objective　To explore the diagnostic value of a radiomic model based on the three dimensional(3D) amide proton transfer-weighted(APTw) imaging radiomics model in predicting the isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH) mutation status and World Health Organization(WHO) grading in patients with gliomas. Methods　The clinical data and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) images of 98 patients with postoperative pathologically confirmed glioma between April 2021 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the conventional MRI plain scan and enhanced images, the enhanced areas, necrotic areas and peritumoral edema areas of the lesions were manually segmented, and then feature extraction was performed on the original 3D APTw images and derived images. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO) model selection method was used to select features for the purpose of predicting the IDH mutation status and WHO grading of glioma, respectively. Four classifiers were then used to construct an radiomics model for predicting the IDH mutation status and WHO grading of glioma. The model was trained and evaluated using five-fold cross-validation, and finally the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of the model. Results　Four machine learning algorithms including XGBoost, Random Forest, Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine, were used to predict the IDH mutation status of glioma, and the area under the curve(AUC) values were 0.778, 0.800, 0.797 and 0.792 for the whole tumor and 0.819, 0.776, 0.766 and 0.654 for the enhanced area of glioma, respectively. In the prediction of glioma WHO grading, the AUC values were 0.806, 0.810, 0.814 and 0.720 for the whole tumor model and 0.810, 0.803, 0.817 and 0.783 for the enhanced tumor area model, respectively. Conclusion　The radiomics model constructed based on the 3D APTw imaging can effectively predict the IDH mutation status and WHO grading of glioma.]]> 2023/4/30 11:53:10 QIN Qian, GAO Xuan, ZHANG Lan, et al. 2true ［Abstract］　Chronic internal carotid artery occlusion(CICAO) is one of the common causes of ischemic stroke. With the continuous update of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) equipments and the development of technology, more and more MRI sequences are available, especially for the evaluation of vascular plaques and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with CICAO, more new MRI sequences are selectable. However, the imaging time of these evaluation sequences is relatively long, and they have their own characteristics in specific clinical applications. Scanning specifications have not yet been developed. Additionally, the quantitative evaluation system of vascular plaques and cerebral hemodynamics remains to be improved. This paper reviews the MRI studies on the evaluation of CICAO in recent years, aiming to summarize the evaluation of vascular plaques and cerebral hemodynamics and provide better reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of CICAO.]]> 2023/4/30 11:53:10 LIANG Dong-ling, FENG Ru-jing, DENG De-mao 1true