［Abstract］　Objective　To analyze the characteristics of newly reported young human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients in Hunan Province from 2016 to 2024, and to provide reference basis for improving the quality of prevention and treatment of young AIDS patients. Methods　The information of newly reported young HIV/AIDS patients in Hunan Province from 2016 to 2024 was collected through the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System and was analyzed to explore the factors influencing the late diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and the timeliness of CD4⁺ T lymphocyte testing. Results　From 2016 to 2024, 6 392 young HIV/AIDS patients were newly reported in Hunan Province, among whom 5 996 patients(93.80%) were male, and 4 282 patients(66.99%) were infected through same-sex sexual transmission, and 1 959 patients(30.65%) were infected through heterosexual sexual transmission, and 1 849 patients(28.93%) were students. The student patients were mainly 18-21 years old, and the proportion of male patients, unmarried patients, patients infected through same-sex sexual transmission and patients infected through non-marital and non-commercial sexual behaviors and patients receiving testing and counseling in the students was higher than that in the non-students(P<0.05). Late diagnosis of HIV/AIDS was found in 1 108 cases(17.33%) and the first CD4⁺ T lymphocyte test was completed in a timely manner in 4 429 cases(69.29%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients aged 22-24 years［OR(95%CI)=1.355(1.032-1.778)］ were more likely to be late diagnosis of HIV/AIDS than those aged 15-17 years, and student patients［OR(95%CI)=0.774(0.654-0.917)］, patients infected through same-sex sexual transmission［OR(95%CI)=0.831(0.719-0.961)］, patients receiving testing and counseling［OR(95%CI)=0.492(0.426-0.567)］ and patients from other sample sources［OR(95%CI)=0.606(0.462-0.796)］ had a lower probability of diagnosing HIV/AIDS late(P<0.05). Student patients［OR(95%CI)=1.344(1.187-1.523)］, patients infected through same-sex sexual transmission［OR(95%CI)=1.229(1.081-1.397)］ and patients receiving testing and counseling［OR(95%CI)=1.218(1.083-1.369)］ received their first CD4⁺ T lymphocyte test in a more timely manner(P<0.05), while patients infected through other routes［OR(95%CI)=0.505(0.361-0.708)］ received their first CD4⁺ T lymphocyte test in a less timely manner(P<0.05). Conclusion　Every year, young patients with HIV/AIDS are reported in Hunan Province, among whom there are some patients infected at a younger age. We should make full use of the multiple forces of schools, families and communities to carry out AIDS prevention education, publicity and intervention as early as possible, promote voluntary testing and counseling as well as active testing, and facilitate early detection and early diagnosis. Appropriate follow-up and management care should be conducted to the patients to promote the progress of treatment and reduce secondary transmission.]]> 2025/4/30 0:00:00 CHEN Jie, ZHOU Yanjun, QIN Biyun, ZHANG Jinghang, LIU Wei, ZHENG Jun, ZOU Xiaobai 5true ［Abstract］　Objective　To understand the infection status, distribution characteristics and influencing factors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) in sexually transmitted disease(STD) clinic clients in Yunnan Province, and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed cases of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) in the STD clinic. Methods　A combination of active and passive monitoring methods was adopted to collect the data of the STD clinic clients in Yunnan Province such as basic demographic information, their acceptance of HIV testing and the situation of positive findings, the influencing factors related to HIV infection, and the characteristics of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases from multiple dimensions. The HIV infection status and distribution characteristics of the STD clinic clients were comprehensively analyzed. Results　In 2023, a total of 63 287 STD clinic clients were detected in Yunnan Province. Among them, 885 cases were positive for HIV screening, with a positive screening rate of 1.40%, and 829 cases were confirmed as HIV positive, with a confirmed positive rate of 1.31%. The positive rates of HIV screening and confirmatory test in the male STD clinic clients were significantly higher than those in the female STD clinic clients(P<0.05), and the positive rates of HIV screening and confirmatory test in the STD clinic clients from the border areas were significantly higher than those from the non-border areas(P<0.05). The distribution of the positive rates of confirmed HIV showed a positive spatial autocorrelation, and Moran′s I was 0.077(Z=1.883, P=0.035). In 2023, 111 new cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in the STD clinic. The male-to-female ratio was 3.63∶1. The majority of the patients were farmers(60.36%), and their age ranged from 20 to 49 years(63.06%). In the 111 new cases of HIV/AIDS, 79.28% of the cases were transmitted through heterosexual act, and 19.82% of the cases were transmitted through same-sex sexual behavior. The sentinel monitoring data indicated that the male STD clinic clients with age ≥34 years, a history of injecting drug use, a history of same-sex sexual behaviour, having sexually transmitted diseases in the past year, undergoing HIV testing in the past year and knowing the results had a higher HIV infection rate(P<0.05). Conclusion　The HIV positive rate in STD clinic clients in Yunnan Province is generally at a relatively high level. The border areas and the regions where the spatial distribution shows a “high-high” aggregation should be given key attention. Male patients with high-risk behaviors and a history of sexually transmitted diseases have a higher risk of HIV infection. The newly diagnosed cases of HIV/AIDS in the STD clinic are mainly young and middle-aged men. They have a low educational level and are infected with HIV/AIDS mainly through sexual contact. In order to accurately guide the prevention and control of AIDS, comprehensive monitoring of this population should be continuously carried out in the future.]]> 2025/4/30 0:00:00 SONG Lijun, FU Liru, ZHANG Zuyang, XIAO Minyang, LI Xuehua, NIU Jin, HU Yi, SU Xingfang, SHI Yuhua 4true ［Abstract］　Objective　To survey the current status of vaccination in immunization program for HIV-infected children in Guangxi. Methods　The case information of 37 HIV-infected children born between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 and their parents who were registered in the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System and survived before December 31, 2022 and whose current addresses were Guangxi were collected. The vaccination information of the HIV-infected children was obtained from Guangxi Immunization Information System, and the records of the HIV-infected children′ adverse events following immunization(AEFI) were searched from suspected AEFI monitoring system. The comprehensive data were analyzed statistically to understand the vaccination status of the HIV-infected children in the immunization program. Results　Among the 37 HIV-infected children, there were 19 males and 18 females. The median age at which HIV was confirmed positive was 19 months. The main pathway of infection was mother-to-child transmission(35 cases, accounting for 94.59%). Thirty cases were undergoing antiviral treatment. The mothers were infected with HIV at the time of delivery(including pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, perinatal confirmed positive) in 20 cases, and the mothers were found to be HIV-positive in 17 cases after their deliveries. The immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine in the 37 HIV-infected children was 94.59%, and their immunization coverage rates of acellular diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine, group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, group A+group C meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine were 75.68%. Their immunization coverage rate of live attenuated measles-containing vaccines was 65.71%. Among the 37 HIV-infected children, 33 children received 162 doses of live attenuated vaccine. However, no abnormal reactions associated with the vaccinations had been reported. Conclusion　Mother-to-child transmission is still the main pathway of HIV infection in children in Guangxi. The age of children at diagnosis of HIV infection shows a descending trend. Most HIV-infected children have a low vaccination coverage rate in the immunization program. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training on the vaccination knowledge of HIV-infected children and explore more effective vaccination strategies to provide timely vaccine protection for HIV-infected children.]]> 2025/4/30 9:48:46 *, LIU Xuanhua, WU Xiuling, WEI Jianan, ZHU Qiuying]]> TANG Shuai, LIU Jing^*, LIU Xuanhua, WU Xiuling, WEI Jianan, ZHU Qiuying 3true ［Abstract］　Objective　To compare the predictive efficacy of three recent infection testing algorithms(RITAs) for recent infections in newly reported human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infected individuals in a city of Sichuan Province. Methods　The data of newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals in a city of Sichuan Province from 2022 to 2024 were collected. Based on the different baselines of the samples, the combinations of indicators were divided into three RITAs: no antiviral treatment+limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay(LAg-EIA)+CD4⁺ T-lymphocyte count(RITA1); no antiviral treatment+LAg-EIA+baseline viral load(RITA2); no antiviral treatment+LAg-EIA+CD4⁺ T-lymphocyte count+baseline viral load(RITA3). Taking the prediction of recent infections by infection time as the reference strategy in this study, the coincidence rates of the three RITAs were calculated respectively. The predictive efficacy of different strategies was compared by using χ² test and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis. Results　A total of 349 patients with HIV-1 infection were included in this study. These HIV-1 infection patients were infected mainly through heterosexual sexual transmission(95.13%), aged 55 years and above(76.79%), and male(66.19%). The first CD4⁺ T-lymphocyte count was less than 200 cells/μL in 150 cases(42.98%). The coincidence rates of RITA1, RITA2 and RITA3 were 71.92%, 69.63% and 71.92%, respectively. Based on the comprehensive results of χ² test and ROC curve analysis, RITA1 and RITA2 showed no significant difference in the prediction of recent infections of HIV-1 compared with the reference strategy, with certain application value. The specificity of RITA2 was the highest, which was 0.762, and the area under its ROC curve was 0.600(95%CI: 0.525-0.674). Conclusion　Incorporating immunological and virological indicators into existing RITAs for HIV-1 has certain predictive significance for recent infections in newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals. Each region should select appropriate predictive strategies based on the local epidemic situation and the baseline test data of the HIV-1 infected individuals.]]> 2025/4/30 9:48:46 1, ZHANG Ying², WANG Nan¹, WAN Xiaoyu², XIAO Li², ZHOU Chang¹, LIANG Shu¹]]> YANG Hong¹, ZHANG Ying², WANG Nan¹, WAN Xiaoyu², XIAO Li², ZHOU Chang¹, LIANG Shu¹ 2true ［Abstract］　Objective　To analyze the basic characteristics of inquirers and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and syphilis infection status in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) clinics in Tianjin Nankai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2013 to 2022, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and treatment measures for AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases(STD). Methods　The general data and the test results of HIV antibody and syphilis antibody of the population receiving VCT in the AIDS VCT clinics in Tianjin Nankai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed. Results　From 2013 to 2022, the VCT clinics of Tianjin Nankai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention received a total of 3 853 counseling and testing individuals, including 3 333 males(86.50%), 2 266 individuals aged 20-29 years(58.81%), 2 644 unmarried individuals(68.62%), and 2 949 individuals(76.54%) with junior college diploma or above. The main reason for the inquiries was the history of non-commercial and non-fixed heterosexual sexual behavior in 1 814 individuals(47.08%). The positive rate of HIV antibody was 3.45%(133 cases), and the infection rate of syphilis was 1.40%(54 cases). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender, age ≥50 years, high school education or secondary technical school education or below, history of non-commercial and non-fixed heterosexual sexual behavior, and syphilis infection were independent risk factors for HIV infection(P<0.05), and age ≥50 years and HIV infection were independent risk factors for syphilis infection(P<0.05). From 2013 to 2022, the infection rates of both HIV and syphilis showed fluctuating changes. Among them, the infection rate of HIV showed an upward trend from 2013 to 2019 and decreased significantly from 2019 to 2022［annual percent change(APC)=-61.49%, P=0.000 4］, and the infection rate of syphilis increased significantly from 2013 to 2020(APC=68.82%, P=0.037), and decreased significantly from 2020 to 2022(APC=-94.26%, P=0.022). Conclusion　The VCT clinic data from Tianjin Nankai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2013 to 2022 show that the infection rates of HIV and syphilis are between the average levels in China and those in the high-incidence areas. The infection risk is relatively high among young people, the elderly and those with low educational attainment, and precise intervention needs to be strengthened. It is recommended to optimize testing strategies, strengthen publicity and education, pay attention to the needs of special groups, and establish a comprehensive prevention and treatment system in order to reduce infection risks and safeguard public health.]]> 2025/4/30 9:48:46 1, GONG Hui², HOU Ying¹, ZHU Peiyu¹, ZHANG Ting¹, DONG Xiaoyue²]]> ZHENG Yajing¹, GONG Hui², HOU Ying¹, ZHU Peiyu¹, ZHANG Ting¹, DONG Xiaoyue² 1true