［Abstract］　Objective　To establish a method for rapid identification of carbapenemase genotypes in Klebsiella pneumoniae on the basis of mass spectrometry nucleic acid detection technology. Methods　A total of 56 non-redundant strains of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP) isolated in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2021 to September 2023 were collected. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis were performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) and VITEK-2 Compact system. Specific single-base extension primers were designed, and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR) combined with mass spectrometry nucleic acid detection technology was employed to detect the characteristic peaks of carbapenemase genotypes in a single reaction system. The consistency of the results of identifying the carbapenemase genotypes in CRKP by using mass spectrometry nucleic acid detection technology and using PCR was analyzed. Results　Among the 56 strains of CRKP, there were 14 strains with KPC, 14 strains with NDM, 14 strains with OXA-232, and 14 strains with co-production of KPC+NDM. There was no cross-interference among the characteristic peaks of each subtype. The consistency between the detection results using mass spectrometry nucleic acid detection technology and using PCR for KPC-, OXA-232- and (KPC+NDM)- resistant strains was 100.00%. Only 1 strain with NDM was mistakenly classified as NDM+OXA co-production strain, and the overall detection consistency rate was 98.21%(55/56). The results of the drug sensitivity test showed that the resistance rate of the strains with KPC or the strains with NDM to imipenem was 100.00%, while the resistance rate of the strains with OXA-232 to imipenem was 0. Conclusion　The mass spectrometry nucleic acid detection technology can efficiently and accurately identify the carbapenemase genotypes in CRKP, which is highly consistent with the results of PCR. This mass spectrometry nucleic acid detection technology provides a reliable tool for rapid clinical typing and drug resistance monitoring.]]> 2025/7/31 13:21:41 1, LIANG Xinyi¹, DENG Xinyi¹, ZHAO Shulong², SONG Shuang², SUN Jingfang², KANG Haiquan²]]> YE Lin¹, LIANG Xinyi¹, DENG Xinyi¹, ZHAO Shulong², SONG Shuang², SUN Jingfang², KANG Haiquan² 5true ［Abstract］　Cryptococcosis is one of the significant global fungal infectious diseases, primarily caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. It is particularly harmful to immunodeficient populations such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Multilocus sequence typing(MLST) is a widely used method for typing of Cryptococcus, with C. neoformans ST5 being the most prevalent sequence type. Laboratory diagnostic methods for cryptococcosis are gradually increasing. The traditional methods for diagnosing cryptococcosis, such as India ink staining and fungal culture, have their own advantages and disadvantages. Molecular biological methods offer new options for the rapid diagnosis of cryptococcosis. The drug resistance mechanisms of Cryptococcus are complex, primarily involving target gene(such as ERG11 and FCY2) mutations, ploidy variation and activation of stress pathways. In the treatment of cryptococcosis, the combination of amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine is the first-line regimen for severe cases. Meanwhile, the problem of drug resistance has also driven the exploration of new targets(such as virulence factors and stress regulatory proteins) and drugs［such as glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI) wall transfer protein 1(Gwt1) inhibitor APX001 and tetrazole compound VT-1598］. Immunotherapy and combination therapy strategies have also shown promising potential. Based on the latest research progress, this paper reviews the typing methods, diagnostic advancements, common drug resistance mechanisms, and new treatment methods of Cryptococcus, aiming to provide new reference and enlightenment for the diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcosis.]]> 2025/7/31 13:21:41 1,2, LU Binghuai^1,2]]> LIU Qi^1,2, LU Binghuai^1,2 4true ［Abstract］　Candida auris, as an emerging, multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, has spread rapidly around the world since it was first identified in Japan in 2009, posing a major challenge in the field of public health. This paper reviews the current prevalence, clinical characteristics, prevention and control strategies of Candida auris infection, as well as the application progress of single-cell sequencing technology in the related research of Candida auris infection, aiming to comprehensively understand the current research status of Candida auris infection and the new opportunities that single-cell sequencing technology may bring to the research on it.]]> 2025/7/31 13:22:15 1, OUYANG Keyi², FANG Zhilan², GUO Xuguang¹]]> DENG Chaonan¹, OUYANG Keyi², FANG Zhilan², GUO Xuguang¹ 3true ［Abstract］　Objective　To explore the clinical characteristics, strain phylogenetic clustering relationships, and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 9 antifungal drugs against the yeast phase of Talaromyces marneffei(Tm) in vitro in HIV-negative patients with Tm infection. Methods　The clinical data of 32 HIV-negative patients with Tm infection who were admitted to the People′s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between January 2020 and May 2025 were analyzed. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) was used for strain identification and clustering analysis. The broth microdilution method was employed to detect the MIC. Results　The sources of the specimens were mainly blood(50.00%) and tracheal aspirates(15.63%). The median age of the patients was 59 years old. The underlying diseases were mainly diabetes(28.13%) and chronic hepatitis B(21.88%), and the patients′ main manifestations were fever(71.88%) and respiratory symptoms(68.75%). The median value of white blood cell count in the peripheral blood of the patients was 18.2×10⁹/L, and the median value of C-reactive protein(CRP) was 154.3 mg/L. The positive rate of fungal beta-1, 3-glucan test was 81.25%. The positive rate of anti-interferon-γ autoantibody detection was 25.00%. The average scores for identifying Tm by using MALDI-TOF MS were (2.07±0.09)points, and the total consistency rate between the results of identifying Tm by using MALDI-TOF MS and the results of identifying Tm by using morphology reached 100.00%. The clustering analysis showed that the strains belonged to two major clusters. The results of the drug sensitivity test showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms(MIC₉₀) values of voriconazole, isavuconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, 5-flucytosine, amphotericin B, fluconazole, caspofungin and micafungin were ≤0.015, ≤0.015, 0.12, 0.12, 0.25, 1.00, 4.00, 4.00 and ≥8.00 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion　HIV-negative patients with Tm infection are more common in middle-aged and elderly immunosuppressed populations, and their clinical manifestations lack specificity. The combined detection of inflammatory markers and fungal beta-1, 3-glucan is conducive to early diagnosis. Screening for autoimmune antibodies in Tm infection patients should be strengthened. MALDI-TOF MS can be used for rapidly identifying Tm and clustering analysis. Amphotericin B, itraconazole and voriconazole can be used as the first choice of drugs for empirical treatment.]]> 2025/7/31 13:22:15 1, JIANG Jie¹, DUAN Wenlong², CHEN Xingchun¹]]> LIANG Liang¹, JIANG Jie¹, DUAN Wenlong², CHEN Xingchun¹ 2true ［Abstract］　Functional cure of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) is characterized by serum HBsAg clearance and persistent negativity of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). However, some patients are still in a state of occult HBV infection(OBI) due to the presence of covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA) in their liver tissues. Based on a retrospective analysis of the previous disputes over the definitions of OBI and occult hepatitis B(OHB), this paper explores the mechanism of the persistence of cccDNA in the liver tissues of the patients who have achieved functional cure. It is recommended that those who have achieved functional cure be included in the OBI management framework to reduce the potential risks such as virus reactivation and infection transmission through blood transfusion.]]> 2025/7/31 0:00:00 1, ZHANG Xiaojing², ZHOU Zhao¹, CHEN Xiangmei¹, LIU Shourong²]]> LU Fengmin¹, ZHANG Xiaojing², ZHOU Zhao¹, CHEN Xiangmei¹, LIU Shourong² 1true