［Abstract］　Objective　To observe the effects of hand rehabilitation robot training based on mirror therapy on hand function in post-stroke hemiplegic patients, and to explore its neural mechanism by combining functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) brain imaging technique. Methods　Thirty post-stroke hemiplegic patients admitted to Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from April 2025 to October 2025 were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 15 patients in each group. The control group received conventional rehabilitation therapy(including occupational therapy and traditional mirror therapy), while the observation group received the same conventional rehabilitation therapy as the control group plus hand rehabilitation robot training based on mirror therapy of electromyography pattern recognition. Both groups received continuous treatments for 4 weeks. Before and after the treatment, the upper limb motor function was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity(FMA-UE) scale, and the ability to perform activities of daily living was assessed using the modified Barthel index(MBI), and the activation of the cerebral cortex was detected using fNIRS. Results　After 4 weeks of treatment, the FMA-UE and MBI scores in the two groups were significantly increased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05). After treatment, the increase in the FMA-UE scores of the observation group was significantly greater than that of the control group(P<0.05). The MBI scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment(P<0.05). The detection results using fNIRS indicated that the observation group exhibited significantly higher oxygenated hemoglobin concentration(beta value) in brain regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, pre-motor and supplementary motor areas, primary somatosensory cortex, frontal pole area, frontal eye fields and temporal cortex compared with the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion　Hand rehabilitation robot training based on mirror therapy can more effectively improve the hand function and activities of daily living in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. The mechanisms may be related to the synergistic activation and functional remodeling of brain regions involved in motor planning, sensory integration and cognitive control.]]> 2026/4/30 0:00:00 1, LIANG Zhirong², PU Xinyu², ZHANG Xiaoying¹, OUYANG Shengzhang¹, QIE Shuyan¹]]> WANG Congxiao¹, LIANG Zhirong², PU Xinyu², ZHANG Xiaoying¹, OUYANG Shengzhang¹, QIE Shuyan¹ 3true ［Abstract］　Objective　To explore the correlation between repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) combined with brain-computer interface(BCI) to regulate root-mean-square(RMS) value of surface electromyography(sEMG) of the rectus femoris muscle and lower limb motor function in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury(iSCI). Methods　A total of 150 patients with iSCI who were admitted to the First People′s Hospital of Lianyungang from June 2023 to August 2025 were included and divided into the combined group(receiving rTMS+BCI+conventional rehabilitation), the rTMS group(receiving rTMS+ sham BCI+conventional rehabilitation), and the conventional group(receiving sham rTMS+sham BCI+conventional rehabilitation), with 50 patients in each group. The RMS values of the rectus femoris muscle in different contraction states were measured, and the excitability of the corticospinal tract was assessed. The motor unit potentials(MUPs) of the rectus femoris muscle and lower limb nerve conduction velocities(NCVs) were simultaneously recorded. Lower limb motor function was assessed using the American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA) Lower Extremity Motor scores, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the Lower Extremity(FMA-LE) scores, and the Berg Balance Scale(BBS) scores. A good recovery of motor function was considered when the increase in FMA-LE scores was ≥50% at the 3-month follow-up. The predictive efficacy of the RMS values of the rectus femoris muscle was clarified through Pearson correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis. Results　At 4 and 8 weeks of intervention and 3 months of follow-up, the RMS values of the rectus femoris muscle in active contraction state at each angle, FMA-LE scores, ASIA Lower Extremity Motor scores and BBS scores in the combined group were significantly higher than those in the rTMS group and the conventional group(P<0.05), and these indicators in the rTMS group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group(P<0.05). At 4 and 8 weeks of intervention and 3 months of follow-up, the resting motor threshold(RMT), motor evoked potential(MEP) amplitude, MEP latency, motor nerve conduction velocity(MCV) of the sciatic nerve, sensory nerve conduction velocity(SCV) of the common peroneal nerve and the MUPs amplitude of the rectus femoris muscle in the combined group were significantly better than those in the rTMS group and the conventional group(P<0.05), and these indicators in the rTMS group were significantly better than those in the conventional group(P<0.05). At the 3-month follow-up, the good recovery rate of motor function in the combined group was significantly higher than that in the rTMS group and the conventional group(P<0.05), and the good recovery rate of motor function in the rTMS group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group(P<0.05). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the RMS values of the rectus femoris muscle in active contraction state were positively correlated with the ASIA Lower Extremity Motor scores, FMA-LE scores, BBS scores and MEP amplitude(P<0.05), and were negatively correlated with RMT(P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC) for the RMS values of the rectus femoris muscle in predicting good recovery of lower limb motor function was 0.896 at 8 weeks of intervention, and the AUC increased to 0.943 when combining with MEP amplitude. Conclusion　There is a significant correlation between the RMS values of the rectus femoris muscle and the recovery of lower limb motor function in iSCI patients. The RMS value of the rectus femoris muscle in active contraction state with the knee joint extended at 60° serves as a key electrophysiological assessment indicator, and its predictive value for the recovery of lower limb motor function is higher when combining it with MEP amplitude detection.]]> 2026/4/30 11:10:44 1,2,3, REN Xuyan^1,2, FAN Yingjie^1,2, SU Min^1,2]]> XIAO Guihua^1,2,3, REN Xuyan^1,2, FAN Yingjie^1,2, SU Min^1,2 2true ［Abstract］　Objective　To extract key muscle group function regions and classify the fall-prone elderly patients using principal component analysis(PCA) and cluster analysis on muscle function indicators, and to provide a basis for individualized rehabilitation interventions in clinical practice. Methods　The data of elderly patients who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to December 2023 were collected, and a total of 265 cases were included, with 36 cases in the fall group(with a history of falls) and 229 cases in the non-fall group(without a history of falls). The thicknesses of the radial wrist flexor, ulnar wrist flexor, abdominal muscles, lumbar muscle groups, posterior tibial muscle, long peroneal muscle, lateral head of gastrocnemius and medial head of gastrocnemius were measured by ultrasonography, and the patients′ general data were collected. Principal component analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software to extract the key components, and cluster analysis was adopted to classify the patients. The efficacy of each principal component and their comprehensive indicators for predicting falls was analyed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. The influencing factors of falls were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results　A total of four principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted by using principal component analysis, which were the principal component 1(radial wrist flexor, ulnar wrist flexor, and abdominal muscles), principal component 2(posterior tibial muscle, long peroneal muscle, and BMI), principal component 3(medial head of gastrocnemius and lateral head of gastrocnemius), principal component 4(lumbar muscle groups and age), with a cumulative contribution rate of 69.181%. The patients were divided into 2 major categories and 4 subcategories through cluster analysis, and there were significant differences in the functional distributions of muscle groups between the categories and among the subcategories. ROC curve analysis revealed that a single principal component had lower area under the curve(AUC) values for predicting falls, and the efficacy of combining the 4 principal components for predicting falls was better than a single principal component. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that older age was an independent risk factor for promoting the occurrence of falls(P<0.05), and thickening of abdominal muscles was an independent protective factor for inhibiting the occurrence of falls in the patients(P<0.05). Conclusion　Principal component analysis and cluster analysis can effectively identify the functional characteristics and individual differences of muscle groups in the fall-prone elderly patients, provide an objective evaluation on the functional status of muscle groups in various parts of the human body, predict the risk of falls, and offer data support for developing individualized muscle strength training and plans for preventing falls.]]> 2026/4/30 11:10:44 1, SHENG Yunlu², DUAN Yu², WANG Yichun¹, WANG Kaiming¹, LU Junhao³, DING Ning¹, LIN Wei^2*]]> CHEN Haili¹, SHENG Yunlu², DUAN Yu², WANG Yichun¹, WANG Kaiming¹, LU Junhao³, DING Ning¹, LIN Wei^2* 1true