2026/7/31 10:41:33 ［Abstract］　The integration of brain organoids, microelectrode array, organ-on-a-chip and artificial intelligence(AI) has gradually transformed in vitro neural tissues from static culture models into experimental systems capable of recording, stimulating and providing feedback. Brain-on-a-chip interface(BoCI) refers to a technical platform that takes two-dimensional neuronal networks, brain slices or three-dimensional brain organoids as biological units and microelectrode arrays, optogenetic stimulation, microfluidics and algorithmic models as interfaces to establish bidirectional interactions between in vitro neuronal networks and external tasks. This paper is intended for clinical medical readers and provides an overview of the conceptual boundaries, biological basis, chip interfaces, AI-assisted models, application scenarios, and ethical governance of BoCI. At present, BoCI is more suitable as a preclinical tool for function readout of neuronal networks, validation of disease mechanisms and drug screening, rather than being directly equated with models of consciousness or clinical decision-making systems. The future development of BoCI requires simultaneous advancement in standardized culture, low-damage interfaces, trustworthy AI and patient data governance.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:33 1, Ma Lingfei¹, Jiang Nan², Gou Shuangquan¹, Liu Shan³, Jiang Cheng¹, Li Chenzhong¹]]> ［Abstract］　Large language models(LLMs) are widely used in the medical field, but the problem of hallucinations seriously restricts their safe deployment in clinical practice.This paper systematically reviews the definition, classification, underlying mechanisms and mitigation strategies of the hallucinations of LLMs under medical scenarios. First, a classification system encompassing “factuality” and “faithfulness” is constructed, and a bias transmission mechanism spanning data, architecture, algorithms and interaction is analyzed. Second, clinical scenarios such as medical question-answering, medical record generation and multimodal tasks are integrated to analyze specific manifestations of hallucinations, including factual contradiction and evidence fabrication. On this basis, the mainstream detection and mitigation strategies such as data governance, retrieval-augmented generation, factual alignment and uncertainty quantification are summarized. Finally, a human-AI collaborative governance mechanism is proposed, aiming to provide a reference for advancing the safe and trustworthy deployment of LLMs in clinical practice.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:33 1,2, Qi Xinglun³, Yang Dagan³]]> ［Abstract］　Objective　To explore the application value of an artificial intelligence(AI)-based differential evolution algorithm-driven patient-based real-time quality control(PBRTQC) intelligent monitoring platform in quality management of 10 clinical chemistry and immunology assays. Methods　Based on the PBRTQC intelligent monitoring platform, the test results of 10 clinical chemistry and immunology assays were automatically collected from the Department of Clinical Laboratory of the People′s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2023 to December 2023. The differential evolution algorithm was adopted to optimize the computational parameters of the exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA) procedure, including batch size, step length, truncated bounds and control limits. The resultant model was validated using data collected from January 2024 to May 2024, and its performance was subsequently evaluated under real-world operating conditions from June 2024 to October 2024. The application value of the PBRTQC intelligent monitoring platform in the quality control of the 10 assays was evaluated by using relevant quality control rules. Results　The optimal procedure-related parameters were selected through the PBRTQC intelligent monitoring platform. In the testing of the 10 assays, the PBRTQC intelligent monitoring platform consistently identified and promptly flagged systematic performance disturbances arising from insufficient reagent volumes, prolonged reagent exposure after the reagent bottles were opened, or carryover contamination from the stirring rods, demonstrating reliable error detection with timely alerting function. Conclusion　The PBRTQC intelligent monitoring platform can monitor the quality risk of detection of 10 clinical chemistry and immunology assays in real time and accurately identify systematic errors.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:33 1, Su Hangjiu¹, Huang Xiuli¹, Yang Wenhui¹, Huang Xiong², Xiao Yu¹, Liang Li¹, Chen Jin¹, Yuan Yulin^1,2*, Ning Leping¹]]> ［Abstract］　Objective　To analyze the pathogenic distribution characteristics of nosocomial infections in patients with gynecological malignant tumors and to construct a predictive model for infections caused by the predominant causative agent, Escherichia coli, thereby providing a basis for clinical anti-infection treatment and risk assessment. Methods　A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 146 patients who developed infections within 1 week after gynecological tumor surgery and during hospitalization for chemotherapy in Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital from May 2020 to January 2022. The distribution characteristics of the pathogenic microorganisms causing infections, the drug resistance of the predominant causative agent, Escherichia coli, and the influencing factors of the infections were analyzed, and a predictive model was constructed. Results　A total of 180 strains of pathogenic microorganisms were isolated, with mid-stream urine samples accounting for the highest proportion(65.56%, 118/180). Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 80.56%(145/180) of all the isolates, and Escherichia coli accounted for 70.34%(102/145) of the Gram-negative bacilli and 56.67%(102/180) of the total pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results showed that Escherichia coli exhibited resistance rates to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin exceeding 55%, while the resistance rates to imipenem, ertapenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, nitrofurantoin and amikacin were less than 10%. Across all the sample types, univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Escherichia coli infection was only significantly associated with mid-stream urine samples(P=0.004). Therefore, the subsequent analyses were restricted to the mid-stream urine samples. In the mid-stream urine samples, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Escherichia coli infection might be associated with tumor type, white blood cell count(WBC), lipoprotein a(Lpa), urinary nitrite(UNIT), and bacterial count in urine(P<0.1). Based on the above 5 variables, several machine learning methods were adopted to construct assessment models for Escherichia coli infection. The results showed that the decision tree and logistic regression models demonstrated stable performance. For the decision tree model, area under the curve(AUC) was 0.838 in the training set and 0.818 in the test set. For the logistic regression model, AUC was 0.775 in the training set and 0.737 in the test set. Furthermore, the calibration curves and decision curve analysis(DCA) in both models demonstrated excellent performance. Conclusion　Nosocomial infections in patients with gynecological malignant tumors are predominantly caused by Gram-negative bacilli in the urinary tract, with Escherichia coli being the dominant pathogen. The decision tree and logistic regression models built on tumor type, WBC, Lpa, UNIT and bacterial count in urine show excellent performance in identifying Escherichia coli infection in mid-stream urine samples. The two models facilitate early identification of high risk patients and guide targeted antimicrobial therapy, which are of great value in reducing antibiotic resistance and improving anti-infection outcomes.]]> 2026/7/31 0:00:00 1,2, Peng Wenju³, Xu Xinxin⁴, Kan Jinsong^1,2, Zhang Jiayun^1,2, Chen Jiming⁵]]> ［Abstract］　Objective　To analyze the efficacy of levosimendan in treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF) assessed by using critical care ultrasound. Methods　A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 156 patients with ADHF who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology of the People′s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from September 2020 to December 2021. According to whether the patients received levosimendan treatment during hospitalization, they were divided into levosimendan group(74 patients) and control group(82 patients). The changes in plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD), left atrial diameter(LAD), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), and lung ultrasound B-line counts before and after the treatment were compared between the two groups. The in-hospital mortality rate, all-cause mortality rates within 1 month and within 6 months after discharge, and readmission rate due to heart failure(HF) within 6 months after discharge were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the relationship of levosimendan treatment and lung ultrasound B-line counts with primary endpoint events. Results　Compared with those before treatment, NT-proBNP decreased, and LVEF increased, and lung ultrasound B-line counts decreased in both groups after treatment, and LVEDD in the levosimendan group decreased after treatment, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). After treatment, the degree of decrease in NT-proBNP and the degree of decrease in lung ultrasound B-line counts in the levosimendan group were significantly greater than those in the control group(P<0.05). The readmission rate due to HF within 6 months after discharge in the levosimendan group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of readmission due to HF within 6 months after discharge in the levosimendan group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the lung ultrasound B-line counts ≥3 could increase the risk of readmission due to HF within 6 months after discharge(P<0.05). Conclusion　The combination of conventional treatment and levosimendan can more significantly improve the cardiac function of ADHF patients, reduce pulmonary congestion, and lower the readmission rate due to HF within 6 months after discharge, without increasing short-term all-cause mortality and the risk of all-cause mortality. Critical care ultrasound assessment can provide important objective basis for the treatment decision-making and prognostic judgment in ADHF, and is worthy of clinical promotion.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:33 1, Ji Qingwei¹, Liu Ling¹, Shi Ying¹, Huang Zongyan¹, Shen Jie², Yang Fan³]]> ［Abstract］　Objective　To analyze the risk factors of adverse functional outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) patients complicated with pulmonary embolism(PE), aiming to facilitate early identification of high-risk individuals and improve the patients′ prognosis. Methods　A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 152 adult patients with acute spontaneous ICH complicated with PE who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2013 to December 2024. According to the modified Rankin Scale(mRS) scores at discharge, the patients were divided into a good functional outcome group(mRS scores of 0-2 points, n=43) and an adverse functional outcome group(mRS scores of 3-6 points, n=109). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of adverse functional outcomes in the ICH patients complicated with PE. Results　Among the 152 patients, the in-hospital mortality rate was 9.21%, and 109 patients(71.71%) had adverse functional outcomes at discharge. Compared with the good functional outcome group, the adverse functional outcome group had higher proportions of patients with hypertension, hemiplegia, coma, intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH), external ventricular drainage and anticoagulation therapy, and had longer time spent bedridden, higher levels of systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI), D-dimer when diagnosed with PE, dynamic changing value 1 of D-dimer(ΔD-dimer₁=D-dimer level when diagnosed with PE-D-dimer level at admission) and systemic immune-inflammation index(SII), and a lower proportion of patients receiving decompressive craniectomy, shorter activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IVH, higher ΔD-dimer₁ and SIRI levels were risk factors of adverse functional outcomes in ICH patients complicated with PE(P<0.05). Conclusion　IVH, higher ΔD-dimer₁ and SIRI levels are independent risk factors of adverse functional outcomes in ICH patients complicated with PE.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:33 ［Abstract］　Objective　To observe the efficacy of ventriculoperitoneal long-tunneled external drainage in treatment of postoperative intracranial infection complicated with acute hydrocephalus. Methods　A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 80 patients with postoperative intracranial infection complicated with acute hydrocephalus following surgery for acute brain injury who were admitted to the Second People＇s Hospital of Hunan Province(Brain Hospital of Hunan Province) from January 2022 to June 2025. Among the 80 patients, 32 patients were treated with ventriculoperitoneal long-tunneled external drainage(observation group), and the other 48 patients were treated with conventional external ventricular drainage via frontal horn puncture(control group). Perioperative indicators and prognostic indicators were compared between the two groups. Results　The single drainage duration and single operation duration in the observation group were longer than those in the control group. The total number of operations in the observation group was less than that in the control group. The incidence rates of secondary intracranial infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage at the incision and catheter displacement in the observation group were lower than those in the control group.The above differences were statistically significant between the two groups(P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the improvement rate of hydrocephalus, modified Rankin Scale(mRS) scores, the treatment rate of ventriculoperitoneal shunt(VPS) and mortality rate at 3 months postoperatively(P>0.05). Conclusion　For patients with obstructive hydrocephalus who require long-term drainage catheter indwelling while awaiting complete control of intracranial infection, ventriculoperitoneal long-tunneled external drainage can prolong drainage duration, reduce the number of operations, reduce the incidence rates of secondary intracranial infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage at the incision and catheter displacement, and therefore is an effective supplementary treatment approach.]]> 2026/7/31 0:00:00 1, Du Hao¹, Li Xin²]]> ［Abstract］　Objective　To construct a nomogram model for diagnosing severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP) in children and to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of the model. Methods　A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 966 pediatric patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP) who were admitted to the First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from May 2023 to May 2024. The pediatric patients were randomly divided into a training set(680 patients) and a validation set(286 patients) at a ratio of 7∶3. According to the severity of MPP, the pediatric patients were divided into SMPP group and non-SMPP group. Univariate analysis, Lasso regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed on the training set data to screen variables with diagnostic significance for SMPP and a nomogram model was constructed based on these variables. The diagnostic accuracy and clinical application value of the nomogram model were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis, calibration curve analysis and decision curve analysis(DCA) using the training set and validation set data. Results　A total of 12 significant indicators were obtained through Lasso regression analysis: age, fever, decreased breath sounds, pulmonary complications(overall), pleural effusion, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), C-reactive protein(CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), bronchial inflation sign, and lesion site in the lower left lobe. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.102), decreased breath sounds(OR=4.714), pulmonary complications(OR=4.740), LDH(OR=1.012) and ESR(OR=1.053) were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of SMPP(P<0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the constructed nomogram model could effectively differentiate between SMPP and MPP［training set: AUC(95%CI)=0.801(0.767-0.834); validation set: AUC(95%CI)=0.799(0.746-0.851), P<0.05］. The results of calibration curve analysis indicated that the nomogram model had satisfactory goodness of fit and high diagnostic accuracy. The results of DCA showed that the nomogram model had a high net benefit rate in diagnosing SMPP and has good clinical practical value. Conclusion　The nomogram model constructed based on the indicators of age, decreased breath sounds, pulmonary complications, LDH and ESR has high accuracy in diagnosing SMPP in children, which is helpful for early clinical identification of the children at high risk of SMPP and for taking corresponding preventive and therapeutic measures to improve their prognosis.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:33 1, Ru Liang²]]> ［Abstract］　Objective　To explore the effects of abdominal electrical stimulation combined with diaphragm pacing therapy device intervention on airway clearance ability and extubation success rate in patients with tracheotomy after cerebral trauma. Methods　Eighty patients with cerebral trauma who were admitted to Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University from August 2021 to June 2025 were recruited and underwent tracheotomy. The patients were divided into observation group and control group by using random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received intervention with a diaphragm pacing therapy device, while the observation group received abdominal electrical stimulation plus intervention with a diaphragm pacing therapy device. Both groups were intervened for 2 weeks. The indicators of cough and sputum expulsion ability, diaphragm ultrasound and pulmonary ventilation function, as well as the scores of Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74(GQOLI-74), Mini-Mental State Examination Scale(MMSE) and Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. The extubation time, extubation success rate and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups. The occurrence of treatment-related adverse reactions was recorded. Results　After the intervention, the involuntary cough peak flow(ICPF) and Semi-Quantitative Cough Strength Score(SCSS) were increased while the amount of sputum discharge was increased in both groups compared with those before the intervention, and the levels of these indicators in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after the intervention, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). After the intervention, the levels of diaphragmatic excursion, diaphragmatic thickness, diaphragmatic thickening fraction, forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV₁), peak expiratory flow(PEF), forced vital capacity(FVC), and maximum ventilation volume(MVV) in both groups were higher than those before the intervention, and the levels of these indicators in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after the intervention, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The time for extubation in the observation group was earlier than that in the control group, and the success rate of extubation in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the length of hospital stay in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). After the intervention, the scores of GQOLI-74, MMSE and GOS in both groups were higher than those before the intervention, and these scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after the intervention, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). During the treatment period, no treatment-related adverse reactions occurred in either group. Conclusion　Abdominal electrical stimulation plus diaphragm pacing therapy device intervention is safe and effectively improves the airway clearance ability, and increases the success rate of extubation in patients with tracheotomy after cerebral trauma.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:33 1, Sun Yunlei¹, Hou Lingxian¹, Tang Congzhi²]]> ［Abstract］　Objective　To observe clinical outcomes of arm-reduced robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection in males with low rectal cancer. Methods　The clinical data of 186 male patients with low rectal cancer who were admitted to the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from October 2021 to May 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. The robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection of low rectal cancer(Dixon) plus prophylactic ileostomy were successfully completed in all the patients. According to the surgical approaches, the patients were divided into the conventional group(receiving conventional robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection of low rectal cancer, 81 patients) and the arm-reduced group(receiving arm-reduced robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection of low rectal cancer, 105 patients). The perioperative indicators, hospitalization expenses, occurrence of complications, as well as postoperative defecation function and urination function were compared between the two groups. Results　The hospitalization expenses of the arm-reduced group were lower than those of the conventional group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, time to first flatus, number of harvested lymph nodes and length of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups(P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05). A total of 93 patients in the arm-reduced group and 75 patients in the conventional group underwent scheduled ileostomy reversal and were successfully discharged from the hospital. There were no statistically significant differences in International Prostate Symptom Scale(IPSS) scores and low anterior resection syndrome(LARS) scores between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion　The clinical outcomes of arm-reduced robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection are comparable to those of conventional robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection in treatment of low rectal cancer in male patients. The arm-reduced robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection does not increase the risk of adverse events, and has more economic advantages, and therefore is worthy of clinical recommendation.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:33 ［Abstract］　Objective　To analyze the value of serum homeobox A10(HOXA10), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF) and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1(CPEB1) for predicting pregnancy outcomes after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET) in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) patients complicated with infertility. Methods　A total of 125 PCOS patients complicated with infertility who received IVF-ET in Yellow River Sanmenxia Hospital from November 2022 to July 2024 were recruited as the research subjects. The patients′ fasting venous blood was collected before initiation of the IVF-ET cycle(before downregulation). Sex hormone levels were detected by using an automated biochemical immunoanalyzer. Serum levels of HOXA10, GM-CSF and CPEB1 were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Transvaginal ultrasound examination was performed to assess pregnancy outcomes 4 weeks after IVF-ET. According to the pregnancy outcomes, the patients were divided into pregnancy group(58 patients) and pregnancy failure group(67 patients). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the pregnancy outcomes. The predictive efficacy of the indicators for pregnancy outcomes was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves. Results　Compared with those in the pregnancy group, the levels of estradiol(E₂) and GM-CSF in the pregnancy failure group were lower, while the levels of testosterone(T), HOXA10 and CPEB1 in the pregnancy failure group were higher, with statistically significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of HOXA10 and CPEB1 were risk factors for pregnancy failure in the PCOS patients complicated with infertility after IVF-ET(P<0.05), and a higher GM-CSF level was a protective factor for pregnancy failure in the PCOS patients complicated with infertility after IVF-ET(P<0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the levels of HOXA10, GM-CSF and CPEB1 could effectively predict pregnancy failure in the PCOS patients complicated with infertility after IVF-ET(P<0.05). Moreover, the predictive efficacy of the combined detection of the three indicators［AUC(95%CI)=0.944(0.888-0.977)］ was better than that of a single indicator(P<0.05). Conclusion　Serum levels of HOXA10, CPEB1 and GM-CSF are the influencing factors of pregnancy outcomes in the PCOS patients complicated with infertility after IVF-ET. The combined detection of the three indicators has a high predictive value for pregnancy outcomes.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:33 ［Abstract］　Objective　To construct a nomogram model for differentiating Gleason grades in prostate cancer(PCa) based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI) radiomics and clinicopathological characteristics, and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and application value of the model. Methods　A total of 180 patients with PCa who were admitted to Suining County People′s Hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were recruited. According to the results of pathological examination and Gleason grades of the patients, they were divided into low-grade PCa group(88 patients, with Gleason grades of 1-2) and high-grade PCa group(92 patients, with Gleason grades of 3-5). All the patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) examination, and their mpMRI radiomics features were extracted. Ultimately, 2 optimal features were selected from each of the T₂-weighted imaging(T₂WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) sequences, and these 4 indicators were used to construct an mpMRI radiomics scoring system. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the indicators that were helpful for differentiating high-grade PCa from low-grade PCa, and a nomogram model was constructed based on the screened indicators. The diagnostic efficacy and application value of the nomogram model were analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve. Results　The mpMRI radiomics scores, maximum diameter of tumors, prostate specific antigen(PSA), prostate specific antigen density(PSAD), the proportion of T stages of T_3-4 and the proportion of N stage of N₁ in the high-grade PCa group were significantly larger than those in the low-grade PCa group(P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mpMRI radiomics scores, maximum diameter of tumors, PSA, PSAD and N stage were the meaningful indicators for distinguishing the high-grade PCa from the low-grade PCa(P<0.05), and a nomogram model was constructed based on the 5 indicators. The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the nomogram model had good efficacy of differential diagnosis［AUC(95%CI)= 0.996(0.972-0.999)］. The calibration curve was close to the ideal state, indicating that the diagnostic accuracy of the nomogram model was good. The results of decision curve analysis showed that within the predicted probability ranging from 2% to 100%, the nomogram model could provide better clinical net benefits. Conclusion　The nomogram model constructed based on mpMRI radiomics and clinicopathological features has good diagnostic efficacy and clinical practical value for the differential diagnosis of high-grade PCa and low-grade PCa.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:34 1, Xie Lixiang², Zhuo Shuo², Zhang Zehua¹, Li Shaodong²]]> ［Abstract］　Objective　To analyze the correlations of serum activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule(ALCAM), B7 homolog 4(B7-H4) and S100A4 levels with disease severity and postoperative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP) patients. Methods　The clinical data of 173 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) who were admitted to the First People′s Hospital of Lin′an District, Hangzhou from January 2020 to December 2022 were respectively analyzed and divided into CRSwNP group(100 patients) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps(CRSsNP) group(73 patients) according to whether they had nasal polyps or not. The patients with CRSwNP received sinus computed tomography(CT) examination before surgery, and Lund-Mackay scores were evaluated based on the results of the CT examination: 0-8 points for mild lesions, 9-16 points for moderate lesions, and 17-24 points for severe lesions. The levels of ALCAM, B7-H4 and S100A4 in the serum of the patients were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The CRSwNP patients received functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The patients were followed up for 1 year and the recurrence of their diseases was observed. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlations of serum ALCAM, B7-H4 and S100A4 levels with preoperative Lund-Mackay scores. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the factors influencing postoperative recurrence in patients with CRSwNP. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was applied to analyze the efficacy of serum ALCAM, B7-H4 and S100A4 levels in predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with CRSwNP. Results　Forty-eight cases of mild lesions, 33 cases of moderate lesions, and 19 cases of severe lesions in CRSwNP were included in this study. The levels of serum ALCAM, B7-H4 and S100A4 in the CRSwNP group were significantly higher than those in the CRSsNP group(P<0.05). The levels of serum ALCAM, B7-H4 and S100A4 in patients with moderate and severe lesions in CRSwNP were higher than those in patients with mild lesions in CRSwNP, and the levels of these indicators in patients with severe lesions were higher than those in patients with moderate lesions, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum ALCAM level(r=0.436, P=0.006), B7-H4 level(r=0.528, P<0.001), and S100A4 level(r=0.561, P<0.001) in the CRSwNP patients were positively correlated with the preoperative Lund-Mackay scores. Among the 100 patients with CRSwNP, 36 patients experienced recurrence within 1 year after surgery. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of serum ALCAM, B7-H4 and S100A4 were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence in the CRSwNP patients(P<0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the combined detection of serum ALCAM, B7-H4 and S100A4 had better efficacy in predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with CRSwNP than the detection of a single indicator(Z_{three-indicator-combined-ALCAM}=2.840, P=0.005; Z_{three-indicator-combined-B7-H4}=2.736, P=0.006; Z_{three-indicator-combined-S100A4}=2.645, P=0.008), with a sensitivity of 97.22% and a specificity of 84.37%. Conclusion　The levels of serum ALCAM, B7-H4 and S100A4 in CRSwNP patients are positively correlated with the severity of lesions, and higher levels of these indicators are associated with the patients′ postoperative recurrence. These findings assists clinicians in identifying patients with higher recurrence risk as early as possible.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:34 ［Abstract］　Objective　To construct a nomogram model for predicting cognitive impairment in older adults based on their dietary patterns. Methods　The data were selected from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS), and the participants were adults aged 65 years and older. Dietary patterns were calculated based on the consumption frequency of food items collected through face-to-face interviews. Cognitive function was assessed by using the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) scale. A total of 6 681 participants who met the criteria were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7∶3 using the statistical software R package “caret”(4.6.1), with 4 677 participants in the training set and 2 004 participants in the validation set. Based on the training set data, logistic regression analysis were conducted to screen independent predictors and construct a nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA) were used to assess the predictive efficacy and clinical applicability of the nomogram model. Results　Twelve independent influencing factors of cognitive impairment in the older adults were screened out by a multivariate logistic regression model, including age, gender, staple food type, vegetables, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, seaweed, vitamin supplements, alcohol consumption and body mass index(BMI). Based on these influencing factors, a nomogram model was constructed. The nomogram showed good discriminative ability, and the area under the curve(AUC) in the training set and the validation set was 0.782 and 0.736, respectively. The calibration curve showed a good agreement between the predicted probabilities and the actual observed values. The DCA showed that within the threshold probabilities ranging from 5% to 80%, the net benefit of the model was better than that of “all the interventions” and that of “no interventions” strategies, proving that the nomogram model had good clinical practical value. Conclusion　The nomogram model has certain clinical application value in predicting cognitive impairment in older adults, and its included clinical predictors can be conveniently obtained from routine assessments.]]> 2026/7/31 0:00:00 1, Li Hui², Sun Yongfu¹, Fan Ruijun³]]> ［Abstract］　This paper reports a case of renal infarction caused by renal artery embolism.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:34 ［Abstract］　This paper reports a case of 48,XXYY syndrome detected by non-invasive prenatal testing.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:34 ［Abstract］　Objective　To analyze the associated factors of abnormal current perception threshold(CPT) in the feet of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aiming to identify high-risk individuals with abnormal sensory nerve function and provide a basis for early clinical warning and care intervention. Methods　A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 169 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from December 2024 to December 2025. According to the detecting results of CPT, the patients were divided into abnormal group(90 patients) and normal group(79 patients). The clinical data were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associated factors of abnormal CPT. Results　Compared with the normal group, the abnormal group was older and had a longer course of diabetes mellitus, a higher urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR), and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), with statistically significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged course of diabetes mellitus［OR(95%CI)=1.050(1.002-1.092), P=0.041］, elevated log-UACR ［OR(95%CI)=2.150(1.380-3.347), P<0.001］ and decreased eGFR［OR(95%CI)=0.970(0.952-0.994), P=0.012］ were associated with abnormal CPT. Conclusion　The prolonged course of diabetes mellitus, elevated UACR and decreased eGFR are independently associated with abnormal CPT. Close monitoring of these associated indicators can provide valuable clinical reference for the early prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:34 1, Zhang Yuyao², Li Mingyue², Zhang Yuting², Ben Shiyan², Li Huiqin², Ni Yingqun¹]]> ［Abstract］　The mammary gland is a highly dynamic organ in mammals. Its development mainly occurs from birth to puberty and pregnancy, and it involves processes of regression and regeneration. The culture of organoids has become efficient methods for studying mammary gland development and breast cancer due to their high similarity in structure and function to in vivo tissues. The technology of mammary organoids demonstrates significant application value in characterizing mammary stem cell properties, investigating tumor initiation mechanisms, and developing personalized treatment strategies. This paper systematically reviews the molecular regulatory network and morphogenetic processes of mammary gland development, focusing on the three-dimensional culture microenvironment for constructing mammary organoids, the dynamic regulatory system of mammary stem cells, and the activation conditions of signaling pathways.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:34 1, Shi Xin^1,2, Zhang Chenglu¹, Zeng Dejun¹, Wu Jiayong³]]> ［Abstract］　Cervical cancer(CC) poses a serious threat to female health. Early and precise diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis. The high heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment(TME) hinders the development of effective treatment strategies. Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) technology provides a powerful tool for deciphering the cellular heterogeneity of CC. This paper reviews the research achievements of scRNA-seq in the field of CC in recent years, aiming to explore the application potential of this technology in resolving the heterogeneity of TME, elucidating metastatic mechanisms, and guiding the development of therapeutic strategies.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:34 1, Cheng Yinglong², Liu Li²]]> ［Abstract］　Alzheimer′s disease(AD) is the most common type of dementia, and its pathological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Dyslipidemia, as a significant contributing factor to various chronic diseases, is also a controllable risk factor for AD. Dyslipidemia may lead to changes in gray and white matter as well as brain network connectivity in AD patients through multiple pathways, including β-amyloid protein and tau protein deposition, induction of neuroinflammatory responses, causing damage to the blood-brain barrier, and interactions with genetic susceptibility, ultimately resulting in cognitive dysfunction. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This paper reviews the research progress of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) related to AD and brain structure and function from the perspective of the lipid theory.]]> 2026/7/31 10:41:34 1,2, Lei Miao³, Deng Demao³]]>