| 摘要: |
| 摘要 目的：探讨阶梯式体位干预对维持性血液透析患者肌肉痉挛的预防效果。方法：采用单中心、平行对照、随机对照研究设计，纳入120例维持性血液透析患者，按随机序列分为观察组与对照组各60例。两组均接受常规透析护理，观察组在此基础上实施按风险分层启动与升级的阶梯式体位干预。主要结局为透析期肌肉痉挛发生率（以透析例次计：痉挛例次/透析总例次）；次要结局包括痉挛发生频率、疼痛VAS评分、舒适度（GCQ简化量表）及痉挛事件中需药物终止的比例。结果：观察组痉挛发生率、痉挛频率、VAS评分及需药物终止比例均低于对照组，舒适度评分高于对照组（均P<0.05）。结论：阶梯式体位干预可降低透析相关肌肉痉挛发生并减轻疼痛，同时提升透析舒适度，具有临床推广价值。 |
| 关键词: 血液透析 肌肉痉挛 体位 风险评价 护理 |
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| Title: Application of Stepwise Postural Intervention in the Risk Early Warning of Muscle Cramps during Hemodialysis |
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余雁
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无锡市人民医院
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract Objective:Exploring the preventive effect of stepwise posture intervention on muscle spasms in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods: A single-center, parallel controlled, randomized controlled study design was employed, enrolling 120 maintenance hemodialysis patients who were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 60 cases each. Both groups received routine dialysis care, while the observation group additionally underwent stepwise posture intervention initiated and escalated based on risk stratification. The primary outcome was the incidence of dialysis-associated muscle spasms (calculated as spasms per total dialysis sessions); secondary outcomes included the frequency of spasms, pain VAS scores, comfort (assessed via the simplified GCQ scale), and the proportion of spasms requiring medication to terminate. Results: The observation group exhibited lower rates of spasm incidence, frequency, VAS scores, and medication-termination proportions compared to the control group, along with higher comfort scores (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Stepwise posture intervention can reduce dialysis-related muscle spasms, alleviate pain, and enhance dialysis comfort, demonstrating clinical applicability. |
| Key words: Hemodialysis Muscle Cramp Posture Risk Assessment Nursing Care |
