| 摘要: |
| 【】目的 ?探讨家养宠物暴露对动物皮毛屑过敏的过敏性疾病患儿的影响,以进一步明确宠物暴露与儿童过敏性疾病的关系,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法 ?选择2017年12月～2024年12月在清华大学北京清华长庚医院儿科门诊就诊的患有过敏性疾病且进行了血清吸入性变应原特异性IgE(sIgE)检测,其中动物皮毛屑血清吸入性变应原sIgE检测呈阳性反应的儿童为研究对象,按是否存在宠物暴露将患儿分为家养宠物暴露组(n=162)和非家养宠物暴露组(n=237),比较两组患儿的一般临床资料及过敏相关指标,并采用多因素 Logistic 回归方法分析家养宠物暴露与儿童过敏性疾病的关系。结果 ?对动物皮毛屑过敏的399例患儿中,拥有家养宠物的患儿占40.6%。与非家养宠物暴露组相比,家养宠物暴露组患儿支气管哮喘患病率显著低于非家养宠物暴露组(35.8%vs47.7%,P=0.019),家养宠物暴露组确诊过敏性疾病年龄显著晚于非家养宠物暴露组 [6.8 (4,9.73) 岁 vs 5 (3.2,8) 岁,P=0.002],血清总IgE水平更低[279(131,508)vs352(148.75,723.25)kU/L,P=0.039],且合并2种及以上其他吸入性过敏原的混合动物皮毛屑过敏比例更低(42.6% vs 59.1%,P=0.020)。多因素Logistic回归方法分析显示,家养宠物暴露组患儿的支气管哮喘发生风险较低(OR=0.641,95%CI:0.409～1.007)；父母等亲属有过敏性疾病史的患儿的支气管哮喘发生风险更高(OR=1.827,95%CI:1.143～2.919)。结论 在生命早期,家养宠物的暴露与动物皮毛屑过敏儿童支气管哮喘风险降低、过敏性疾病确诊年龄延迟、血清总IgE水平下降及多致敏减少存在显著关联；父母等亲属有过敏性疾病史与患儿患支气管哮喘存在显著关联性。 |
| 关键词: 家养宠物 暴露 儿童 过敏性疾病 动物皮毛屑 |
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| 基金项目:北京市卫生与健康科技成果和适宜技术推广项目(TG-2017-41) |
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| Impact of Domestic Pet Exposure on Allergic Diseases in Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
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王月娇
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清华大学北京清华长庚医院
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| Abstract: |
| 【】Objective To investigate the impact of domestic pet exposure on children with allergic diseases sensitized to animal dander, further clarifying the relationship between pet exposure and pediatric allergic diseases, and to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Children with allergic diseases who underwent serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) testing for inhaled allergens and tested positive for animal dander (including cat/dog dander or mixed animal dander) at the Pediatric Clinic of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from December 2017 to December 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. Participants were divided into a domestic pet-exposed group (n=162) and a non-exposed group (n=237) based on pet exposure history. General clinical data and allergy-related indicators were compared between the two groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between pet exposure and allergic diseases. Results Among 399 children sensitized to animal dander, 40.6% had domestic pets. Compared to the non-exposed group, the pet-exposed group showed significantly lower prevalence of bronchial asthma (35.8% vs. 47.7%, P=0.019), the pet-exposed group exhibited a significantly older age at diagnosis of allergic diseases compared to the non-pet-exposed group [median (IQR): 6.8 (4.0–9.73) years vs. 5.0 (3.2–8.0) years,P= 0.002]., lower serum total IgE levels [median (IQR): 279 (131–508) vs. 352 (148.75–723.25) kU/L,P=0.039], and a reduced proportion of mixed sensitization to ≥2 other inhaled allergens (42.6% vs. 59.1%, P=0.020). Multivariate analysis revealed that domestic pet exposure had a lower risk of developing bronchial asthma (OR=0.641, 95%CI: 0.409–1.007). Children with a family history of allergic diseases (such as in parents or other relatives) had a higher risk of developing bronchial asthma(OR=1.827, 95%CI: 1.143–2.919). Conclusion Early-life domestic pet exposure is significantly associated with reduced risk of bronchial asthma, delayed onset of allergic diseases, lower total IgE levels, and decreased polysensitization in children sensitized to animal dander. A family history of allergic diseases is strongly linked to increased asthma risk in children. |
| Key words: Domestic pets Exposure Children Allergic diseases Animal dander |
