| 摘要: |
| ［摘要］ 目的 分析海南省儿童呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）急性呼吸道感染（ARTI）的流行病学特征，为预防和诊治儿童RSV感染提供参考。方法 收集2012年3月至2021年12月于海南省多家医院住院治疗的59 312例ARTI患儿的临床资料，对RSV感染病例的流行病学和临床资料进行回顾性分析。采用间接免疫荧光法检测血清中RSV、肺炎支原体、嗜肺军团菌、肺炎衣原体、腺病毒、Q热立克次体、副流感病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒等九项呼吸道病原体IgM抗体。结果 59 312例ARTI患儿的RSV-IgM阳性率为2.07%（1 226/59 312）。2016—2018年RSV-IgM阳性率呈上升趋势，并在2017年、2018年达到高值，分别为4.46%、5.20%，随后呈下降趋势。男性ARTI患儿的RSV-IgM阳性率显著高于女性（2.21% vs 1.82%； χ2=10.714，P<0.001）。夏季ARTI患儿RSV-IgM阳性率最高（2.59%），秋季最低（1.70%）。1 226例RSV-IgM阳性患儿中，单纯RSV-IgM阳性485例（39.56%），混合感染741例（60.44%）。其中合并1种其他病原体感染505例（41.19%），合并2种其他病原体感染191例（15.58%），合并3种其他病原体感染45例（3.67%）。对于RSV-IgM阳性患儿，以临床诊断为肺炎的占比最高，以咳嗽为最常见的临床症状。混合感染患儿发热的发生率高于单一RSV感染者，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 海南省2012—2021年住院ARTI患儿RSV-IgM总阳性率为2.07%。RSV感染以夏季发病率最高，秋季发病率最低。各年龄段均有RSV感染发生，其中婴儿期RSV感染率最高，学龄期最低。男性RSV感染率高于女性。RSV感染常合并1种病原体感染，多为肺炎支原体。RSV感染临床症状主要为咳嗽、发热、鼻塞、流涕、喘息和气促。 |
| 关键词: 呼吸道合胞病毒 急性呼吸道感染 儿童 海南 流行病学特征 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2023.08.14 |
| 分类号:R 725.6 |
| 基金项目:2020年海南省卫生计生行业科研项目（编号：20A200095）；海南医学院2021年大学生创新创业训练计划项目（编号：X202111810099） |
|
| Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory tract infection caused by RSV in children in Hainan Province from 2012 to 2021 |
|
CHEN Hai-mei, ZHANG Yu-qing, CAI Si-ming, et al.
|
|
Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
|
| Abstract: |
| ［Abstract］ Objective To analyse the epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI) caused by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) in children in Hainan Province, and to provide reference for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of RSV infection in children. Methods The clinical data of 59 312 children with ARTI who were hospitalized in hospitals in Hainan Province from March 2012 to December 2021 were collected. The epidemiological and clinical data of the RSV infection cases were retrospectively analyzed. The immunoglobulin M(IgM) antibodies of nine respiratory pathogens in the patients′ serum including RSV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Adenovirus, Coxiella burnetii, Parainfluenza virus, Parainfluenza A virus and Parainfluenza B virus were detected by indirect immunofluorescence method. Results The positive rate of RSV-IgM in the 59 312 children with ARTI was 2.07%(1 226/59 312). From 2016 to 2018, the positive rate of RSV-IgM showed an increasing trend, and reached a high value in 2017 and 2018, which was 4.46% and 5.20%, respectively, and then showed a decreasing trend. The positive rate of RSV-IgM in the male children with ARTI was significantly higher than that in the female children with ARTI(2.21% vs 1.82%; χ2=10.714, P<0.001). The positive rate of RSV-IgM was the highest in summer(2.59%) and the lowest in autumn(1.70%). Among the 1 226 cases of RSV-IgM positive children, 485 cases(39.56%) were simple RSV-IgM positive; 741 cases(60.44%) had mixed infection. Among the 741 cases with mixed infection, 505 cases(41.19%) were infected with one other pathogen, and 191 cases(15.58%) were infected with two other pathogens, and 45 cases(3.67%) were infected with three other pathogens. For the RSV-IgM positive children, the proportion of clinically diagnosed pneumonia was the highest, and cough was the most common clinical symptom. The incidence of fever in children with mixed infection was higher than that in children with single RSV infection, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The total positive rate of RSV-IgM is 2.07% in hospitalized ARTI children in Hainan Province from 2012 to 2021. The incidence of RSV infection is highest in summer and lowest in autumn. RSV infection occurs in all age groups, with the highest RSV infection rate in infants and the lowest RSV infection rate in school age children. The infection rate of RSV in men is higher than that in women. RSV infection is often accompanied by one pathogen infection, and most of these pathogens are Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The main clinical symptoms of RSV infection are cough, fever, stuffy nose, running nose, wheezing and shortness of breath. |
| Key words: Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) Acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI) Children Hainan Epidemiological characteristics |
