| 摘要: |
| ［摘要］ 目的 调查广西人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染儿童免疫规划疫苗接种现况。方法 收集2022年12月31日前通过艾滋病防治基本信息系统报告的现存活病例中现住址为广西，于2017年1月1日至2019年12月31日出生的37例HIV感染儿童及其父母的病例信息，从广西免疫规划信息系统中获得患儿的预防接种信息，从疑似预防接种异常反应（AEFI）监测系统搜索患儿的AEFI记录，综合数据进行统计分析，了解患儿的免疫规划疫苗接种情况。结果 37例HIV感染儿童中，男19例，女18例；HIV确证阳性时年龄中位数为19月龄；感染途径主要为母婴传播（35例，占94.59%）；正在开展抗病毒治疗30例；母亲在产时已感染HIV（包含孕前、孕期、产期确证阳性）20例，母亲产后发现HIV确证阳性17例。乙肝疫苗接种率为94.59%，无细胞百白破疫苗、A群流脑多糖疫苗、A群C群流脑多糖疫苗接种率均为75.68%，含麻疹减毒活疫苗成分疫苗的接种率为65.71%。共33例患儿接种了162剂次减毒活疫苗，但无相关预防接种异常反应报告。结论 广西的HIV感染儿童传播途径仍以母婴传播为主，诊断月龄有所提前，大部分免疫规划疫苗接种率低，需要加强HIV感染儿童预防接种知识培训，探讨更有效的疫苗接种策略，为HIV感染儿童提供及时的疫苗保护。 |
| 关键词: 人类免疫缺陷病毒感染儿童 免疫规划 疫苗接种 广西 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2025.04.04 |
| 分类号:R 512.91 |
| 基金项目:中华预防医学会疫苗与免疫青年人才托举项目课题（编号：CPMAQT_YM0346）；广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心科研课题（编号：202010） |
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| A survey on current status of vaccination in immunization program for HIV-infected children in Guangxi |
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TANG Shuai, LIU Jing*, LIU Xuanhua, WU Xiuling, WEI Jianan, ZHU Qiuying
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
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| Abstract: |
| ［Abstract］ Objective To survey the current status of vaccination in immunization program for HIV-infected children in Guangxi. Methods The case information of 37 HIV-infected children born between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 and their parents who were registered in the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System and survived before December 31, 2022 and whose current addresses were Guangxi were collected. The vaccination information of the HIV-infected children was obtained from Guangxi Immunization Information System, and the records of the HIV-infected children′ adverse events following immunization(AEFI) were searched from suspected AEFI monitoring system. The comprehensive data were analyzed statistically to understand the vaccination status of the HIV-infected children in the immunization program. Results Among the 37 HIV-infected children, there were 19 males and 18 females. The median age at which HIV was confirmed positive was 19 months. The main pathway of infection was mother-to-child transmission(35 cases, accounting for 94.59%). Thirty cases were undergoing antiviral treatment. The mothers were infected with HIV at the time of delivery(including pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, perinatal confirmed positive) in 20 cases, and the mothers were found to be HIV-positive in 17 cases after their deliveries. The immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine in the 37 HIV-infected children was 94.59%, and their immunization coverage rates of acellular diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine, group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, group A+group C meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine were 75.68%. Their immunization coverage rate of live attenuated measles-containing vaccines was 65.71%. Among the 37 HIV-infected children, 33 children received 162 doses of live attenuated vaccine. However, no abnormal reactions associated with the vaccinations had been reported. Conclusion Mother-to-child transmission is still the main pathway of HIV infection in children in Guangxi. The age of children at diagnosis of HIV infection shows a descending trend. Most HIV-infected children have a low vaccination coverage rate in the immunization program. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training on the vaccination knowledge of HIV-infected children and explore more effective vaccination strategies to provide timely vaccine protection for HIV-infected children. |
Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected children Immunization program Vaccination Guangxi
*共同第一作者 |
