| 摘要: |
| ［摘要］ 目的 分析新生儿牛奶蛋白过敏（CMPA）的围产期高危因素，为临床早期防控提供依据。方法 回顾性收集2023年1月至2025年4月在广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院新生儿科住院的307例CMPA新生儿（CMPA组）的临床资料。根据胎龄相近原则，从同期住院非CMPA新生儿中按1∶2比例匹配614例作为对照组。收集新生儿的围产期资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析新生儿CMPA的围产期影响因素。结果 两组性别、胎龄、开奶日龄及新生儿肺炎（轻型）占比比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。CMPA组出生体重、新生儿高胆红素血症占比低于对照组，低出生体重占比、剖宫产占比、有一级亲属过敏史占比、围产期使用抗生素占比高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组出生体重胎龄分类、出生后喂养方式比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，低出生体重、纯配方奶喂养、混合喂养、有一级亲属过敏史、剖宫产以及围产期使用抗生素是新生儿CMPA的围产期危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 低出生体重、纯配方奶喂养、混合喂养、有一级亲属过敏史、剖宫产以及围产期使用抗生素是新生儿CMPA的围产期危险因素。 |
| 关键词: 新生儿 牛奶蛋白过敏 危险因素 围产期 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2026.09.16 |
| 分类号:R 722.1 |
| 基金项目:广西科技计划项目（编号：桂科AD22035121）；广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院重点实验室开放课题（编号：GXWCH-ZDKF-2022-02） |
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| Analysis of perinatal high-risk factors for neonatal cow′s milk protein allergy |
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Zhong Hanlu1, Lu Siliang2, Qiu Yanmei2, Jing Lianfang2, Wei Zhe3, Wu Kemou3, Li Yan2
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1.Ruikang Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; 2.Department of Neonatology, Maternity and Child Health Care of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; 3.Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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| Abstract: |
| ［Abstract］ Objective To analyze the perinatal high-risk factors for neonatal cow′s milk protein allergy(CMPA) and to provide a basis for early prevention and control of the disease in clinical practice. Methods The clinical data of 307 neonates with CMPA(CMPA group) who were hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology of Maternity and Child Health Care of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2023 to April 2025 were retrospectively collected. According to the principle of similar gestational age, 614 neonates were matched at a ratio of 1∶2 as the control group from the non-CMPA neonates who were hospitalized during the same period. The perinatal data of the neonates were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the perinatal influencing factors of neonatal CMPA. Results There were no statistically significant differences in gender, gestational age, postnatal age at first breastfeeding, and the proportion of mild neonatal pneumonia between the two groups(P>0.05). The birth weight and the proportion of the neonates with hyperbilirubinemia in the CMPA group were lower than those in the control group. The proportion of the neonates with low birth weight, the proportion of the neonates born by cesarean section, the proportion of the neonates having first-degree relatives with a history of allergy and the proportion of the neonates receiving perinatal antibiotic treatment in the CMPA group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in birth weight-for-gestational age classification and postnatal feeding patterns(P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low birth weight, exclusive formula feeding, mixed feeding, family history of allergy in first-degree relatives, cesarean delivery, and perinatal antibiotic exposure were perinatal risk factors for neonatal CMPA(P<0.05). Conclusion Low birth weight, exclusive formula feeding,mixed feeding, family history of allergy in first-degree relatives, cesarean delivery, and perinatal antibiotic exposure are perinatal risk factors for neonatal CMPA. |
| Key words: neonates cow′s milk protein allergy(CMPA) risk factors perinatal period |
