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全麻药物对婴幼儿脑部发育影响的研究进展
金　华1，石曌玲2，秦伟峰1，史文璞3，孙绪德3，张霞婧3
1.陕西中医药大学临床医学院儿科学，咸阳 712000；2.陕西中医药大学第二附属医院儿科，咸阳 712000；3.陕西中医药大学第二附属医院科研科，咸阳 712000
摘要:
［摘要］　随着全麻技术在婴幼儿患者中的广泛应用，全麻药物对发育中大脑功能的影响已成为人们高度关注的问题之一。婴幼儿期长时间、多次暴露于全麻药物，可能会导致其远期认知和行为功能损害，显著增加学习障碍、注意力缺陷等疾病的发病风险。早期全麻药物暴露引发的细胞凋亡、线粒体功能障碍及氧化应激等神经毒性机制可能是其远期认知和行为功能损伤的重要原因。该文对全麻药物对婴幼儿脑部发育影响的研究进展作一综述。
关键词:  全麻药物  婴幼儿  脑部发育  认知功能  神经毒性机制
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-3806.2025.11.22
分类号:R 726.1；R 971.2
基金项目:陕西省中医药管理局项目（编号：SZY-KJCYC-2025-JC-011）；咸阳市创新服务能力支撑计划项目（编号：L2024-CXNL-KJRCTD-KJRC-0010）；秦创原中医药产业创新聚集区项目（编号：L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-256）；陕西省教育厅一般专项项目（编号：24JK0407）
Research progress in effects of drugs for general anesthesia on brain development of infants and young children
JIN Hua1, SHI Zhaoling2, QIN Weifeng1, SHI Wenpu3, SUN Xude3, ZHANG Xiajing3
1.Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China; 2.Department of Pediatrics,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China; 3.Department of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000,China
Abstract:
［Abstract］　With the widespread application of general anesthesia techniques in pediatric patients, the effects of drugs for general anesthesia on their developing brain function have become one of the issues that people pay high attention to. The prolonged and repeated exposures of drugs for general anesthesia to infants and young children during their infancy and early childhood may lead to long-term cognitive and behavioral function impairments, significantly increasing the risk of developing diseases such as learning disabilities and attention deficit disorders. The neurotoxic mechanisms such as apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by early exposure to drugs for general anesthesia may be significant causes of long-term cognitive and behavioral function impairments in infants and young children. In this paper, the research progress in the effects of drugs for general anesthesia on brain development of infants and young children is reviewed.
Key words:  Drugs for general anesthesia  Infants and young children  Brain development  Cognitive function  Neurotoxic mechanisms